Exam 3 Flashcards
3 origin hypothesi
Panspermia - space
Reducing earth - prebiotic soup
Deep sea vents - iron sulfur world
8 fundamental properties of life?
Composed of membrane bound cells
Sensitivity: respond to stimuli
Growth: metabolism
Development: gene directed change
Reproduction: vertical gene transfer
Regulation: mechanism for internals
Homeostasis: equilibrium
Heredity: genetic information
Endosymbiosis?
The theory that eukaryotic cells evolved by engulfing other things like purple non sulphur bacteria and Cyanobacteria to make mitochondria and chloroplasts.
Viruses characteristics and structures?
Infected cell or infectious particle
Nonliving, acellular, obligate intracellular parasite.
Escaped gene hypothesis, prior to divergence theory
Lytic and lysogenic cycles
Lytic cycle?
- Attachment
- Penetration
- Replication
- Assembly
- Release (lysis)
Lysogenic cycle
- Attachment
- Penetration
- Integration
- Replication
Characteristics of living things?
Cell membrane Metabolize Stimulus Reproduction Development Homeostasis Evolve
Prokaryotic characteristics and shapes?
Circular DNA
No organelles
Very small
Coccus, bacillus, spiral(ium, chete)
Prokaryotic motility, reproduction, metabolism, diversity?
Flagella, pili
Asexual - binary fission, transduction, transformation, conjugation.
Autotrophs - producers
Photoautotrophs - photo producers
Chemoautotrophs - chemical
Heterotrophs - decomposers
Photo - photo ATP
Chemo - chemical ATP
Incredibly diverse
Gram stain*
Protista locomotion?
Pseudopods
Flagella
Cilia
Few nonmotile
Paraphyletic
a group that includes the most recent common ancestor of the group, but not all its descendants
Phylum kinetoplastea
Trypanosomes
Parasitic flagellated Protozoa
African sleeping sickness - tsetse fly
Chagas’ disease - acai berry
Undulating body
Flagella
Phylum Ciliophora
Paramecium
Unicellular
Cilia - movement and food
Contractile vacuoles
Conjugation
Dikaryotic - macro, micronucleus
Phylum bacillariophyta
Diatoms
Unicellular
Some colonies
Silicon dioxide shells
Pinnate, centrate
Phylum Chlorophyta
Green algae
Chlamydamonas
Spirogyra
Volvox
Sexual and asexual
Aquatic and terrestrial
Photosynthetic
Phylum Rhizopoda
Ameoba
Unicellular
Pseudopodia
Terra, aqua, parasitic
Asexual
Phagocytosis
Phagocytic vacuole
Phylum Dictyostelia
Plasmodial slime molds
Major decomposers
Plasmodium
Multinucleate - aseptate
Feed on small organics
Sporangia in adverse light conditions
Sclerotium in adverse conditions
Kingdom Fungi
Heterotrophic
Saprophytes
Best in moist environments
Chitin cell walls
Yeast and mold forms
Mycelium composed of hyphae
Phylum Zygomycota
Bread mold
Coenocytic - aseptate
Sporangia - asexual
Zygospore - sexual, gametangia
Phylum Ascomycota
Sac fungi
Usually septate
Ascocarp - 2n ascus
Conidia - asexual
Ascospores - meiosis, then mitosis
Phylum Basidiomycota
Club fungi
Basidiocarp - basidia
Basidiospores
Septate
Kingdom fungi functions and uses
Micorrhizae
Lichens
Decomposition
Food
Medicine
Diseases
What are the two mutualistic fungi to know and their importance?
Micorrhizae - fungus root
Lichens - symbiotic w/ algae
Fruticose, foliose, crustose
Distinguishing characteristics of land plants
Multicellular eukaryotes
Most live on land
Evolved from green algae
Dry land adaptations: Protection from desiccation Move water through tracheids UV radiation adaptation Haplodiplontic life cycle
Plants from green algae evidence
Same photosynthetic pigments
Same cell wall components
Same starch storage
Some cell division similarities
Ecological importance of plants
Carbon cycle
Soil building
Oxygen producers
Habitat for animals
Bryophytes
Bryophyta and Hepaticophyta
No vascular tissue
No stems, leaves, or roots
Gametophyte dominant
Phylum Bryophyta
Mosses
Antheridia - male gametophyte
Archegonia - female gametophyte
Seta - stalk
Capsule - calyptra
Phylum Pterophyta
Ferns
Seedless vascular plant
Stems, roots, leaves
Dominant sporophyte
Sporangium - sori
