Exam 3 Flashcards

0
Q

3 origin hypothesi

A

Panspermia - space

Reducing earth - prebiotic soup

Deep sea vents - iron sulfur world

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1
Q

8 fundamental properties of life?

A

Composed of membrane bound cells

Sensitivity: respond to stimuli

Growth: metabolism

Development: gene directed change

Reproduction: vertical gene transfer

Regulation: mechanism for internals

Homeostasis: equilibrium

Heredity: genetic information

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2
Q

Endosymbiosis?

A

The theory that eukaryotic cells evolved by engulfing other things like purple non sulphur bacteria and Cyanobacteria to make mitochondria and chloroplasts.

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3
Q

Viruses characteristics and structures?

A

Infected cell or infectious particle

Nonliving, acellular, obligate intracellular parasite.

Escaped gene hypothesis, prior to divergence theory

Lytic and lysogenic cycles

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4
Q

Lytic cycle?

A
  1. Attachment
  2. Penetration
  3. Replication
  4. Assembly
  5. Release (lysis)
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5
Q

Lysogenic cycle

A
  1. Attachment
  2. Penetration
  3. Integration
  4. Replication
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6
Q

Characteristics of living things?

A
Cell membrane
Metabolize
Stimulus
Reproduction
Development
Homeostasis
Evolve
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7
Q

Prokaryotic characteristics and shapes?

A

Circular DNA
No organelles
Very small

Coccus, bacillus, spiral(ium, chete)

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8
Q

Prokaryotic motility, reproduction, metabolism, diversity?

A

Flagella, pili

Asexual - binary fission, transduction, transformation, conjugation.

Autotrophs - producers
Photoautotrophs - photo producers
Chemoautotrophs - chemical

Heterotrophs - decomposers
Photo - photo ATP
Chemo - chemical ATP

Incredibly diverse
Gram stain*

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9
Q

Protista locomotion?

A

Pseudopods
Flagella
Cilia
Few nonmotile

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10
Q

Paraphyletic

A

a group that includes the most recent common ancestor of the group, but not all its descendants

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11
Q

Phylum kinetoplastea

A

Trypanosomes

Parasitic flagellated Protozoa

African sleeping sickness - tsetse fly
Chagas’ disease - acai berry

Undulating body
Flagella

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12
Q

Phylum Ciliophora

A

Paramecium
Unicellular

Cilia - movement and food

Contractile vacuoles

Conjugation

Dikaryotic - macro, micronucleus

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13
Q

Phylum bacillariophyta

A

Diatoms

Unicellular
Some colonies

Silicon dioxide shells

Pinnate, centrate

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14
Q

Phylum Chlorophyta

A

Green algae
Chlamydamonas
Spirogyra
Volvox

Sexual and asexual

Aquatic and terrestrial

Photosynthetic

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15
Q

Phylum Rhizopoda

A

Ameoba

Unicellular

Pseudopodia

Terra, aqua, parasitic

Asexual

Phagocytosis
Phagocytic vacuole

16
Q

Phylum Dictyostelia

A

Plasmodial slime molds

Major decomposers

Plasmodium

Multinucleate - aseptate

Feed on small organics

Sporangia in adverse light conditions
Sclerotium in adverse conditions

17
Q

Kingdom Fungi

A

Heterotrophic
Saprophytes

Best in moist environments

Chitin cell walls

Yeast and mold forms

Mycelium composed of hyphae

18
Q

Phylum Zygomycota

A

Bread mold
Coenocytic - aseptate

Sporangia - asexual
Zygospore - sexual, gametangia

19
Q

Phylum Ascomycota

A

Sac fungi

Usually septate

Ascocarp - 2n ascus

Conidia - asexual

Ascospores - meiosis, then mitosis

20
Q

Phylum Basidiomycota

A

Club fungi

Basidiocarp - basidia

Basidiospores

Septate

21
Q

Kingdom fungi functions and uses

A

Micorrhizae
Lichens
Decomposition

Food
Medicine
Diseases

22
Q

What are the two mutualistic fungi to know and their importance?

A

Micorrhizae - fungus root

Lichens - symbiotic w/ algae
Fruticose, foliose, crustose

23
Q

Distinguishing characteristics of land plants

A

Multicellular eukaryotes

Most live on land

Evolved from green algae

Dry land adaptations:
Protection from desiccation
Move water through tracheids
UV radiation adaptation
Haplodiplontic life cycle
24
Plants from green algae evidence
Same photosynthetic pigments Same cell wall components Same starch storage Some cell division similarities
25
Ecological importance of plants
Carbon cycle Soil building Oxygen producers Habitat for animals
26
Bryophytes
Bryophyta and Hepaticophyta No vascular tissue No stems, leaves, or roots Gametophyte dominant
27
Phylum Bryophyta
Mosses Antheridia - male gametophyte Archegonia - female gametophyte Seta - stalk Capsule - calyptra
28
Phylum Pterophyta
Ferns Seedless vascular plant Stems, roots, leaves Dominant sporophyte Sporangium - sori