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Bio 106 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

3 origin hypothesi

A

Panspermia - space

Reducing earth - prebiotic soup

Deep sea vents - iron sulfur world

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1
Q

8 fundamental properties of life?

A

Composed of membrane bound cells

Sensitivity: respond to stimuli

Growth: metabolism

Development: gene directed change

Reproduction: vertical gene transfer

Regulation: mechanism for internals

Homeostasis: equilibrium

Heredity: genetic information

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2
Q

Endosymbiosis?

A

The theory that eukaryotic cells evolved by engulfing other things like purple non sulphur bacteria and Cyanobacteria to make mitochondria and chloroplasts.

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3
Q

Viruses characteristics and structures?

A

Infected cell or infectious particle

Nonliving, acellular, obligate intracellular parasite.

Escaped gene hypothesis, prior to divergence theory

Lytic and lysogenic cycles

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4
Q

Lytic cycle?

A
  1. Attachment
  2. Penetration
  3. Replication
  4. Assembly
  5. Release (lysis)
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5
Q

Lysogenic cycle

A
  1. Attachment
  2. Penetration
  3. Integration
  4. Replication
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6
Q

Characteristics of living things?

A 
Cell membrane
Metabolize
Stimulus
Reproduction
Development
Homeostasis
Evolve
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7
Q

Prokaryotic characteristics and shapes?

A

Circular DNA
No organelles
Very small

Coccus, bacillus, spiral(ium, chete)

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8
Q

Prokaryotic motility, reproduction, metabolism, diversity?

A

Flagella, pili

Asexual - binary fission, transduction, transformation, conjugation.

Autotrophs - producers
Photoautotrophs - photo producers
Chemoautotrophs - chemical

Heterotrophs - decomposers
Photo - photo ATP
Chemo - chemical ATP

Incredibly diverse
Gram stain*

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9
Q

Protista locomotion?

A

Pseudopods
Flagella
Cilia
Few nonmotile

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10
Q

Paraphyletic

A

a group that includes the most recent common ancestor of the group, but not all its descendants

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11
Q

Phylum kinetoplastea

A

Trypanosomes

Parasitic flagellated Protozoa

African sleeping sickness - tsetse fly
Chagas’ disease - acai berry

Undulating body
Flagella

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12
Q

Phylum Ciliophora

A

Paramecium
Unicellular

Cilia - movement and food

Contractile vacuoles

Conjugation

Dikaryotic - macro, micronucleus

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13
Q

Phylum bacillariophyta

A

Diatoms

Unicellular
Some colonies

Silicon dioxide shells

Pinnate, centrate

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14
Q

Phylum Chlorophyta

A

Green algae
Chlamydamonas
Spirogyra
Volvox

Sexual and asexual

Aquatic and terrestrial

Photosynthetic

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15
Q

Phylum Rhizopoda

A

Ameoba

Unicellular

Pseudopodia

Terra, aqua, parasitic

Asexual

Phagocytosis
Phagocytic vacuole

16
Q

Phylum Dictyostelia

A

Plasmodial slime molds

Major decomposers

Plasmodium

Multinucleate - aseptate

Feed on small organics

Sporangia in adverse light conditions
Sclerotium in adverse conditions

17
Q

Kingdom Fungi

A

Heterotrophic
Saprophytes

Best in moist environments

Chitin cell walls

Yeast and mold forms

Mycelium composed of hyphae

18
Q

Phylum Zygomycota

A

Bread mold
Coenocytic - aseptate

Sporangia - asexual
Zygospore - sexual, gametangia

19
Q

Phylum Ascomycota

A

Sac fungi

Usually septate

Ascocarp - 2n ascus

Conidia - asexual

Ascospores - meiosis, then mitosis

20
Q

Phylum Basidiomycota

A

Club fungi

Basidiocarp - basidia

Basidiospores

Septate

21
Q

Kingdom fungi functions and uses

A

Micorrhizae
Lichens
Decomposition

Food
Medicine
Diseases

22
Q

What are the two mutualistic fungi to know and their importance?

A

Micorrhizae - fungus root

Lichens - symbiotic w/ algae
Fruticose, foliose, crustose

23
Q

Distinguishing characteristics of land plants

A

Multicellular eukaryotes

Most live on land

Evolved from green algae

Dry land adaptations:
Protection from desiccation
Move water through tracheids
UV radiation adaptation
Haplodiplontic life cycle
24
Q

Plants from green algae evidence

A

Same photosynthetic pigments

Same cell wall components

Same starch storage

Some cell division similarities

25
Q

Ecological importance of plants

A

Carbon cycle

Soil building

Oxygen producers

Habitat for animals

26
Q

Bryophytes

A

Bryophyta and Hepaticophyta

No vascular tissue

No stems, leaves, or roots

Gametophyte dominant

27
Q

Phylum Bryophyta

A

Mosses

Antheridia - male gametophyte
Archegonia - female gametophyte
Seta - stalk

Capsule - calyptra

28
Q

Phylum Pterophyta

A

Ferns
Seedless vascular plant

Stems, roots, leaves

Dominant sporophyte

Sporangium - sori

Bio 106 (3 decks)

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