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Mammalogy > Lab Practical #2 > Flashcards

Lab Practical #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Prototheria Characters, Order, and Families

A
  • No teeth - No jugal - No Lacrimal - No auditory bullae Order: Monotremata Families: Ornithorhynchidae & Tachyglossidae
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2
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Metatheria

Order: Monotremata

Family: Ornithorhynchidae (platypus)

(AU)

Gen. Characters:

  • anterior (open) separation of premaxila
  • duckbilled snout
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3
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Metatheria

Order: Monotremata

Family: Tachyglossidae (echidna)

(AU & New Guinea)

Gen. Characters:

  • closed premaxila
  • snout slender long, rodlike
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4
Q

Subclass: Theria characters

A
  • Teeth present
  • jugal present
  • auditory bullae

lacrimal present

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5
Q

Infraclass: Metatheria characters

A
  • epipubic bones,
  • inflicted AP
  • Jugal forms part of Mandibular Fossa
  • Fenestrated Palate
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6
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Metatheria

Order: Didelphimorphia

Family: Didelphidae (Opossum)

(NW)

Gen. Characters:

  • Polydacttyly (all digits of the hind foot are free)
  • Polyprodont ( multiple incisors of different sides) subequal in size

-5/4 incisors

-molars trituber cular

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7
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Metatheria

Order: Didelphimorphia

Family: Didelphidae (Opossum)

(NW)

Gen. Characters:

  • Polydacttyly (all digits of the hind foot are free)
  • Polyprodont ( multiple incisors of different sides) subequal in size
  • 5/4 incisors
  • molars trituber cular
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8
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Marsupialia

Order: Diprotodontia

Family: Phalangeridae (Possum)

(AU)

Gen. Characters:

  • no/smaller diastema
  • diprotodont
  • canines reduced in size
  • last upper molar & premolar usually enlarged, projecting above molar crowns
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9
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Marsupialia

Order: Diprotodontia

Family: Phalangeridae (Possum)

(AU)

Gen. Characters:

  • no/smaller diastema
  • diprotodont
  • canines reduced in size
  • last upper molar & premolar usually enlarged, projecting above molar crowns
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10
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Marsupialia

Order: Diprotodontia

Family: Macropodidae (kangaroos,wallabies)

(AU)

Gen. Characters:

  • large diastema

-diprodont

  • upper incisors subequal
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11
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Marsupialia

Order: Diprotodontia

Family: Macropodidae (kangaroos,wallabies)

(AU)

Gen. Characters:

  • large diastema
  • diprodont
  • upper incisors subequal
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12
Q

Infraclass: Eutheria characters

A
  • No epipubic bone

No fenestrated palate

  • Jugal does not form Mandibular Fossa
  • No inflicted Angular Process
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13
Q

Clade Xenarthra: Characters

A

-projections on vertebrate

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14
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Xenarthra

Order: Cingulata

Family: Dasypodidae (armadillos)

(NW)

Gen. Characters:

  • homodont cheekteeth
  • keratinized scutes
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15
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Order: Cingulata

Family: Dasypodidae (armadillos)

(NW)

Gen. Characters:

  • homodont cheekteeth
  • keratinized scutes
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16
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Xenarthra

Order: Pilosa

Family: Bradypodidae (three-toed sloth)

(NW)

Gen. Characters:

  • projections on jugal
  • incomplete zygomatic arch
  • all cheekteeth homodont (indistinguishable)
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17
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Xenarthra

Order: Pilosa

Family: Bradypodidae (three-toed sloth)

(NW)

Gen. Characters:

  • projections on jugal
  • incomplete zygomatic arch
  • all cheekteeth homodont (indistinguishable)
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18
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Xenarthra

Order: Pilosa

Family: Myrmecophagidae(ant-eater)

(CA,SA)

Gen. Characters:

- no teeth

  • incomplete zygomatic arch
  • slull elongate, curving downward
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19
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Xenarthra

Order: Pilosa

Family: Myrmecophagidae (ant-eater)

(CA,SA)

Gen. Characters:

  • no teeth
  • incomplete zygomatic arch
  • slull elongate, curving downward
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20
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Afrotheria

Order: Tublidentata

Family: Orycteropodidae (Aardvark)

(AF)

Gen. Characters:

  • cheekteeth homodont, columnar consisting of numerous vertical tubes of dentine in a matrix of pulp
  • incomplete zygomatic arch
  • slull elongate, curving downward
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21
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Afrotheria

Order: Tublidentata

Family: Orycteropodidae (Aardvark)

(AF)

Gen. Characters:

  • cheekteeth homodont, columnar consisting of numerous vertical tubes of dentine in a matrix of pulp
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22
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Afrotheria

Order: Macroscelidea

Family: Macroscelididae (elephant shrew)

(AF)

Gen. Characters:

  • only eutherian w/ palatal fenestrations in teeth
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23
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Afrotheria

Order: Macroscelididea

Family: Macroscelididae (elephant shrew)

(AF)

Gen. Characters:

  • only eutherian w/ palatal fenestrations in teeth
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24
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Panenungulata

Order: Hyracoidea

Family: Procavaiidae (hyrax)

(AF)

Gen. Characters:

  • upper incisor, evergrowing, tusk-like, composed chietly or entirely of detine
  • 1/2 I
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25
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Panenungulata

Order: Hyracoidea

Family: Procavaiidae (hyrax)

(AF)

Gen. Characters:

  • upper incisor, evergrowing, tusk-like, composed chietly or entirely of detine
  • 1/2 I
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26
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Panenungulata

Order: Proboscidea

Family: Elephantidae (elephant)

(AF)

Gen. Characters:

  • long proboscis
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27
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Panenungulata

Order: Sirenia

Family: (Dugong)

(AU,AS,AF)

Gen. Characters:

  • upper incisor tusk-like
  • tail fluke dolphin like
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28
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Panenungulata

Order: Sirenia

Family: Trichechidae (manatee)

(AF,NW)

Gen. Characters:

  • no upper incisor
  • tail fluke evenly rounded
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29
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Euarchontoglires

Order: Lagomorpha

Family: Ochotonidae (pika)

(NA,AS,EU)

Gen. Characters:

  • no supraorbital process
  • maxila fenestrated
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30
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Euarchontoglires

Order: Lagomorpha

Family: Leporidae (rabbit)

(WW,exAU)

Gen. Characters:

  • supraorbital process present, fanshaped
  • two pair of incisors, second pair small
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31
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Euarchontoglires

Order: Rodentia

Suborder: Sciuromorpha

Family: Aplodontiidae (mountain beaver)

(NA)

Gen. Characters:

  • Jaw musculature protogomorphus (perfect circles, IOF)
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32
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Euarchontoglires

Order: Rodentia

Suborder: Sciuromorpha

Family: Aplodontiidae (mountain beaver)

(NA)

Gen. Characters:

  • Jaw musculature protogomorphus (perfect circles,
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33
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Euarchontoglires

Order: Rodentia

Suborder: Sciuromorpha

Family: Sciuridae (squirrel)

(ww,exAu)

Gen. Characters:

  • post-orbital process of these sciurid rodents
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34
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Euarchontoglires

Order: Rodentia

Suborder: Castorimorpha

Family: Castoridae (mountain beaver)

(NA)

Gen. Characters:

  • tail long broad naked & scaly
  • distinct depression in basiocciptial
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35
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Euarchontoglires

Order: Rodentia

Suborder: Castorimorpha

Family: Geomyidae (pocket gopher)

(Nw)

Gen. Characters:

  • external furlined pouches
  • infraorbital canal compressed against side of rostrum
  • IOF Semi periced
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36
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Euarchontoglires

Order: Rodentia

Suborder: Castorimorpha

Family: Heteromyidae (kangaroo rat)

(Nw)

Gen. Characters:

  • external furlined pouches
  • infraorbital canal compressed against side of rostrum
  • IOF perforates rostrum
  • inflated auditory bullae
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37
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Euarchontoglires

Order: Rodentia

Suborder: Myomorpha

Family: Dipodidae (jumping mice)

(NA,EA)

Gen. Characters:

  • infraorbital (oval large, opening anteriorly
  • body small like kangaroo
  • hind limbs elongate
  • very long tail
  • no external pouch
38
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Euarchontoglires

Order: Rodentia

Suborder: Myomorpha

Family: Dipodidae (jumping mice)

(NA,EA,AS,AF,EU)

Gen. Characters:

  • infraorbital (oval large, opening anteriorly
  • body small like kangaroo
  • hind limbs elongate
  • very long tail
39
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Euarchontoglires

Order: Rodentia

Suborder: Myomorpha

Family: Cricetidae

Subfamily: Arvicolinae (lemmings,muskrat)

(NA,EA)

Gen. Characters:

  • ocuclusal surface flat prism”x-mas tree” cheekteeth
  • short tail limbs, robust body
  • true myomorphus
40
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Euarchontoglires

Order: Rodentia

Suborder: Myomorpha

Family: Cricetidae

Subfamily: Arvicolinae (lemmings,muskrat)

(NA,EA)

Gen. Characters:

-ocuclusal surface flat prism”x-mas tree” cheekteeth

  • short tail limbs, robust body
  • true myomorphus
41
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Euarchontoglires

Order: Rodentia

Suborder: Myomorpha

Family: Cricetidae

Subfamily: Neotominae (rats & mice)

(NA)

Gen. Characters:

  • flat occusal surface, non-prismatic w/ rounded cusp
  • 2 cusp rows
  • furry tails
42
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Euarchontoglires

Order: Rodentia

Family: Muridae

Subfamily: Murinae (old world rat)

(ww)

Gen. Characters:

-3 main cusps running length of tooth row (looks like hump in the middle

- scaly tails

43
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Euarchontoglires

Order: Rodentia

Family: Muridae

Subfamily: Murinae (old world rat)

(ww)

Gen. Characters:

  • 3 main cusps running length of tooth row (looks like hump in the middle
  • scaly tails
44
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Euarchontoglires

Order: Rodentia

Family: Hystricomorpha

Subfamily: Erethizontidae (NW Porcupines)

(NW)

Gen. Characters:

  • large infraorbital canal (hystricomorphus)
  • folds (mitochondria) cheek teeth
45
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Euarchontoglires

Order: Rodentia

Family: Hystricomorpha

Subfamily: Erethizontidae (NW Porcupines)

(NW)

Gen. Characters:

  • large infraorbital canal (hystricomorphus)
  • folds (mitochondria) cheek teeth
46
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Euarchontoglires

Order: Rodentia

Family: Hystricomorpha

Subfamily: Chinchillidae (Chinchillas)

(SA)

Gen. Characters:

  • large infraorbital canal (hystricomorphus)
  • large auidtory bullae
  • transverse plates on cheekteeth
47
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Euarchontoglires

Order: Dermoptera

Family: Cynocephalidae (Culugo,flying lemur)

(AS)

Gen. Characters:

-two inner lower incisors on each side wide, comb like (pectinate)

-gliding membrane stretching from neck to lower digits

48
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Euarchontoglires

Order: Scandentia

Family: Tupaiidae (Tree Shrew)

(AS)

Gen. Characters:

  • postorbital process large(glasses), contacting zy arch to complete postorb. bar
  • perforated zygomatic arch
49
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Euarchontoglires

Order: Primates

Suborder: Strepsirrhini

Family: Lemuridae (Lemurs)

(MA)

Gen. Characters:

  • presence of tooth comb, composed of lower c & I
  • POB complete, but orbital & temporal openings broadly confluent
  • ischial butt & philtrum, Rhinarium
50
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Euarchontoglires

Order: Primates

Suborder: Haplorrrhini

Family: Atelidae (Spider, Howler Monkey)

(SA,CA)

Gen. Characters:

- 3PM & 3M = 6 cheekteeth

  • AB does not extend as long tube
  • naked where grasping
51
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Euarchontoglires

Order: Primates

Suborder: Haplorrrhini

Family: Cercopithecidae (Baboon)

(EU,AF,AS)

Gen. Characters:

- 1st lower premolar angled

-naked butt

52
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Euarchontoglires

Order: Primates

Suborder: Haplorrrhini

Family: Hominidae (Human)

(WW)

Gen. Characters:

  • no angular first lower premolar
  • auidtory bullae extending laterally as tube
53
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Laurasiatheria

Order: Soricomorpha

Family: Soricidae (WWexAU) {white-toed shrew}

CH:

  • Condyloid process with two condyles
  • On inside of condyle protrusions
  • No zygomatic arch
  • No osssified auditory bullae
  • First upper incisor large, hooked, and with cusp at proximal base of tooth
54
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Laurasiatheria

Order: Soricomorpha

Family: Talpidae (moles) {NA,EU,AS}

CH:

  • Zygomatic arch complete and slender
  • Incomplete auditory bulla
  • Simple incisors (1st large)
  • Humorous blocky
55
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Laurasiatheria

Order: Chiroptera

Family: Pteropodidae (OW) {flying fox}

CH:

  • Dog-like muzzle
  • Simple pinna surrounding ear opening
  • Second digit forelimb free of 3rd and usually clawed
  • postorbital processes large (post-orbital bar in some but not common)
  • Angular process of lower jaw absent or low
  • No tragus in ear
56
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Laurasiatheria

Order: Chiroptera

Family: Phyllostomidae (NW) {NW leaf-nosed bat}

CH:

- Premaxillae with nasal and palatal branches, fused to each other

No postorbital process

57
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Laurasiatheria

Order: Chiroptera

Family:Molossidae (WW) {Free-tailed bat}

CH:

- Free tail (long tail)

-Tail extends well beyond margin of relatively short uropatagium

- Poorly developed tragus

- Premaxillae separated or united, fused to maxillae with or without palatal branches

58
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Laurasiatheria

Order: Chiroptera

Family:Vespertilonidae (WW) {common bat}

CH:

- Tragus present, and prominent ​

- pinnae variable

  • premaxillae separated, but fused to maxillae, only natal branches
59
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Laurasiatheria

Order: Pholidota

Family: Manidae (AS,AF) {Pangolin)

CH:

-No teeth

-Incomplete Zygomatic Arch

-no jugal or interparietal bone

-Palate long & narrow

- Pterygoids separate (free), not forming part of palate

- No extra zygapophyses on vertebrae

60
Q

Order Carnivora

A

Characteristics

  • Biggish
  • May have carnassials

Transverse cylindrical mandibular condyle

  • A lot of attachment to the skull
  • A lot of jaw pressure

Alisphenoid canal

  • 6 have it , 6 don
  • Ventral surgace of skull
61
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Laurasiatheria

Order: Canivora

Suborder: Feliformia

Family: Felidae (WWexAU) {cats}

CH:

- Claws sharp, strongly curved

- 5/4 digits but polex located on side of foot not in contact wtih ground

- Postorbital processes

- No alisphenoid canal

-Carnassials well-developed, blade-like

- Last upper molar tiny and round

- no baculum

62
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Laurasiatheria

Order: Canivora

Suborder: Feliformia

Family: Herpestidae (OW) {Mongoose}

CH:

-Complete postorbitsl bar present

-Alisphenoid canal present!

-Bulla large, devision between ectotympanic and entotympanic horizontal

63
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Laurasiatheria

Order: Canivora

Suborder: Feliformia

Family: Hyaenidae (AS,AF) {Aardwolf & Hyena)

CH:

  • Skull massive (hyenas) or delicate (aardwolf), rostrum relatively long
  • 5 upper cheekteeth
  • Compare to 4 or fewer in felids
  • No alisphenoid canal
  • Upper molar ver small, round or elongate if present
64
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Laurasiatheria

Order: Canivora

Suborder: Feliformia

Family: Viverridae (AS,AF) {Civets}

CH:

  • Tails long (equal to body), well furred but tappering

- Most sp have stripes, spots or bands on body

- Tails often ringged with contrasting colors

  • Alisphenoid canal present
  • Bulla with dominant entotympanic chamber and diagonal septum between ectotympanic and entotympanic
  • No postorbital bar
65
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Laurasiatheria

Order: Canivora

Suborder: Caniformia

Family: Canidae

CH:

  • Alisphenoid canal present
  • 6 or more cheekteeth
  • no constricted AB
66
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Laurasiatheria

Order: Canivora

Suborder: Caniformia

Family:Ursidae (Bears) {WWexAU}

CH:

  • Alisphenoid canal present
  • Carnassial pair bunodont, crushing not slicing
  • Last upper molar v large
  • Baculum present and well developed
67
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Laurasiatheria

Order: Canivora

Suborder: Caniformia

Family: Mephitidae (WWexAU) {skunks,stink badger}

CH:

  • Black and white
  • Blade-like carnassials
  • No alisphenoid canal
  • Last upper molar square
  • Palat extends to toothrow edge
  • Baculum small
68
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Laurasiatheria

Order: Canivora

Suborder: Caniformia

Family: Odobenidae (walrus) {AO}

CH:

  • Upper canines tusks
  • No lower incisors
  • Occipital condyles flare widely, placed below foramen magnum
  • Upper incisors small (Incisors)1-2/0
  • Alisphenoid canal present
  • Cheekteeth simple, peg-like
  • Baculum well developed
69
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Laurasiatheria

Order: Canivora

Suborder: Caniformia

Family: Mustelidae (wolverine,badger,otter,ferrets,weasels) {WWexAU}

CH:

  • No alisphenoid canal
  • Upper molar large
  • Baculum well developed
  • otter skull purple at times
70
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Laurasiatheria

Order: Canivora

Suborder: Caniformia

Family: Procyonidae (racoon) {NW}

CH:

  • No alisphenoid canal
  • Carnassials poorly developed, upper molars usually with protocone and hypocone
  • Last upper molar relatively large
  • Cheekteeth bunodont or secodont
  • 6 Cheekeeth
  • Baculum well developed
71
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Laurasiatheria

Order: Canivora

Suborder: Caniformia

Family: Otarridae (sealions) {AO}

CH:

  • Alisphenoid canal present
  • Pinna present (absent in other pinnapeds)
  • Supraorbital process well developed (absent or rudimentary in others)
  • Baculum well developed
72
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Laurasiatheria

Order: Canivora

Suborder: Caniformia

Family: Phocidae (AO) {harbor seal}

CH:

External characteristics Characteristics

  • Body usually spotted or banded
  • Hind limbs extended posteriorly
  • Claws present on digits of forefoot and usually on hindfoot; skin on flipper not extending beyond nails

Skeletal Characteristics

  • No alisphenoid canal!!!
  • Postorbital process lacking or poorly developed
  • Cheekteeth usually with three longitudinal cusps
  • Upper incisors not grooved
  • Baculum well developed
73
Q

Order Perissodactyla “odd toed ungulates”

A

Order Perissodactyla “odd toed ungulates”

Characteristics

  • Foot posture unguligrade
  • Mesaxonic middle (3rd) digit big
  • Astragalus with single pulley-like proximal facet
  • Weight bearing pulley kneecap
  • Alisphenoid canal present
  • Nasal bones wide posteriorly
74
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Laurasiatheria

Clade: Euugulata

Order: Perissodactyla

Family: Tapiridae (SA,AS) {Tapir}

CH:

  • Forefront with four digits (but 4th reduced), hindfoot with three
  • Snout modified into movable proboscis
  • Nasal opening of skull very large and recesses
  • Nasal bones short, triangular, projecting freely - heart shaped
  • Incisors chiseled-shaped
75
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Laurasiatheria

Clade: Euugulata

Order: Perissodactyla

Family: Rhinocerotidae (AS,AF) {Rhino}

CH:

  • 3 digits on all feet
  • Head concave dorsally
  • 1 or two simple horns located near snout
  • Nasals large, thickened, and rugose for support of horn
76
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Laurasiatheria

Clade: Euugulata

Order: Perissodactyla

Family: Equidae (EU,AS,AF} {horses}

CH:

  • Feet with only one distinct digit
  • Mane present, bushy
  • Orbit enclosed by postorbital bar
  • Continuous with temporal fossa in other perissodactyls)
  • Orbits small
  • Enclosed in bony ring
  • Nasal bones long and narrow
77
Q

Superorder Cetartiodactyla (426)

Order Artiodactyla (427-429) “even toed ungulates”

Characteristics

A

Characteristics

  • Foot posture digitigrade (camels) or unguligade
  • Paraxonic
  • 2 principal (weight bearing) digits present
  • 2 or 4 digits on all feet
  • No alisphenoid canal
78
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Laurasiatheria

Clade: Euugulata

Order: Perissodactyla

Suborder: Suina

Family: Suidae (WWexAU) {pigs}

79
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Laurasiatheria

Clade: Euugulata

Superorder: Cetartiodactyla

Order: Artiodactyla

Suborder: Suina

Family: Tayassuidae {NW} (peccaries)

CH:

  • Paroccipital process small
  • Canines directed downward, w/ sharp edges
80
Q

Subclade Mysticeti (464-465) “baleen whales” “mustache whales”

A

Characteristics

  • No teeth
  • teeth present in fetus, lost before birth
  • Baleen present, either continuous anteriorly (Balaenopteridae) or with an anterior gap (all other gamolies)
  • Two external nasal openings (blowholes) present, slit-like, located anterior to eye
  • Facial profile of skull convex, with no fatty “melon” present
  • Holds 400 baleen on either side of skull
  • Skull more or less symmetrical
  • Lower jaw loosely joined by ligaments at symphysis
  • Do not echolocate
  • Two blowhole
81
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Laurasiatheria

Clade: Euugulata

Superorder: Cetartiodactyla

Order: Artiodactyla

Suborder: Whippomorpha

Family: Whippotamidae (Hippo) {AF}

CH:

  • Mouth very large, extremely large gap
  • Incisors large, directed anteriorly
  • Tusk-like
  • Canines v large, tusk-like, upper canines smaller than lower
82
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Laurasiatheria

Clade: Euugulata

Superorder: Cetartiodactyla

Order: Artiodactyla

Clade: Cetacea

Subclade: Mysticeti

Family: Balaenidae {AO} (bowhead whales)

CH:

  • Huge head, making up ⅓ of body length
  • Skull strongly bowed in lateral view
  • Color- dark gray to black
  • White patches often on chin
  • Body chunk, robust (up to 18.5 m long and 67 metric tons
  • Flippers shorty and rounded with 5 digits (4 in other cetaceans)
  • Dorsal fin absent
  • Rostrum arched to accommodate long baleen plates
  • No longitudinal grooves or furrows, in skin of throat
  • Baleen plates long and narrow
83
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Laurasiatheria

Clade: Euugulata

Superorder: Cetartiodactyla

Order: Artiodactyla

Clade: Cetacea

Subclade: Mysticeti

Family: Balaenopteridae

CH:

  • Color gray to black with white mottling
  • Dorsal fin absent (small bumps if present)
  • Throat with two (occasionally 3 or 4) longitudinal grooves in skin
  • Baleen plates short, narrow
  • Rostrum relatively narrow, slightly arched
84
Q

Subclade Odontoceti (474) “toothed whales”

A

Characteristics

  • Teeth present
  • Simple homodont, monophyodont
  • No baleen
  • 1 nasal opening present
  • Two blowholes
  • One is modified to make whistles
  • Became a series of airsacts that pushes air around to make the clicks and whistles
  • Recycles air for communication
  • Facial profile of skull concave with depression occupied by a fatty organ “melon”
  • Used in echolocation
  • Skull usually asymmetrical
  • Symphysis
  • Lower jaw firmly fused
  • Fusion of mandible
  • Pan-bone
  • Scoop inside lower jaw
  • Travels through fat into lower ear
  • Fatty pinna
  • Echolocate
85
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Laurasiatheria

Clade: Euugulata

Superorder: Cetartiodactyla

Order: Artiodactyla

Clade: Cetacea

Subclade: Odontoceti

Family: Delphinidae

CH:

  • Most diverse group of cetaceans
  • Over 36 spp in 17 genera
  • Dorsal fin usually present (absent in Lissodelphis), pointed or falcate (hooked) in shape
  • Snout variable
  • With distinct beak sharply differentiated from forehead or with bulging forehead and no beak, or with long snout merging continuously iht forehead
  • All ones up here have short nose
  • No boss on premaxilla
  • Teeth simple, conical
  • Range from 0/2-65/58 in number
86
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Laurasiatheria

Clade: Euugulata

Superorder: Cetartiodactyla

Order: Artiodactyla

Clade: Cetacea

Subclade: Odontoceti

Family: Phocoenidae (porpoises) (AO)

CH:

  • Dorsal fin usually present (absent in Neophocaena, finless porpoise)
  • Triangular
  • Snout without distinct beak
  • Premaxilla with prominent swelling
  • Boss bones
  • (anterior to nasal opening)
  • Teeth usually spade-like
87
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Laurasiatheria

Clade: Euugulata

Superorder: Cetartiodactyla

Order: Artiodactyla

Clade: Cetacea

Subclade: Odontoceti

Family: Physeteridae (spermwhale)

CH:

Dorsal ridge instead of a true fin

snout very large, blunt, undifferentiated from the rest of the head

  • Body robust (length 2-20 m)
  • Skull strongly asymmetrical
  • Left nasal passage much larger than right one
  • No boss on premaxilla
  • Long, fused, lower-jaw Symphysis
  • (comprising ⅓ of length of jaws in Physeter)
  • Teeth simple, conical
88
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Laurasiatheria

Clade: Euugulata

Superorder: Cetartiodactyla

Order: Artiodactyla

Suborder: Tylopoda

Family: Camelidae (Camel) )SA, AS, AF)

CH:

  • Nails present
  • No hoofs
  • Cannon bone on all limbs
  • Fusion of the ulna and radius
  • In camelidae, the cannon bone splits up the middle
  • Fusion not complete on distal end
  • Compare to Equidae and Sweinidae.
  • No horns or antlers
  • Postorbital bar complete
  • One pair of upper incisors present in adults
  • Caniniform
  • “fake-canine”
89
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Laurasiatheria

Clade: Euugulata

Superorder: Cetartiodactyla

Order: Artiodactyla

Suborder: Tylopoda

Family: Antilocapridae (pronghorn) (NA)

CH:

  • Pronghorns
  • No antlers, just bones covered by keretinized sheath that is fornked in mature individuals, sheath shed annually
  • No lacrimal depression (absent)
  • nasolacrimal gap present
  • Upper canines absent
90
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Laurasiatheria

Clade: Euugulata

Superorder: Cetartiodactyla

Order: Artiodactyla

Suborder: Tylopoda

Family: Cervidae WWexAU

CH:

  • Antlers only in males
  • Usually branched
  • Bony core sheathed in skin and fur “velvet” while growing
  • Antler and velvet shed separately
  • Usually annually
  • Antlers grow from pedicel
  • Lacrimal depression present
  • Nasolacrimal opening
  • 2 Lacrimal foramen (foraminae) present
  • On the side of the orbit or outside
  • Nasal and lacrimal separated by large oblong opening or fenestration
  • Nasolacrimal gap
91
Q
A

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Clade: Laurasiatheria

Clade: Euugulata

Superorder: Cetartiodactyla

Order: Artiodactyla

Suborder: Tylopoda

Family: Giraffidae

ch:

  • Two permanent bony “horns” or ossicones develop from distinct centers of ossification in the dermis​

Mammalogy (3 decks)

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