Lab Practical #1 Flashcards
Prototheria Characters, Order, and Families
- No teeth - No jugal - No Lacrimal - No auditory bullae Order: Monotremata Families: Ornithorhynchidae & Tachyglossidae
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Metatheria
Order: Monotremata
Family: Ornithorhynchidae (platypus)
(AU)
Gen. Characters:
- anterior (open) separation of premaxila
- duckbilled snout
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Metatheria
Order: Monotremata
Family: Tachyglossidae (echidna)
(AU & New Guinea)
Gen. Characters:
- closed premaxila
- snout slender long, rodlike
Subclass: Theria characters
- Teeth present
- jugal present
- auditory bullae
lacrimal present
Infraclass: Metatheria characters
- epipubic bones,
- inflicted AP
- Jugal forms part of Mandibular Fossa
- Fenestrated Palate
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Metatheria
Order: Didelphimorphia
Family: Didelphidae (Opossum)
(NW)
Gen. Characters:
- Polydacttyly (all digits of the hind foot are free)
- Polyprodont ( multiple incisors of different sides) subequal in size
-5/4 incisors
-molars trituber cular
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Metatheria
Order: Didelphimorphia
Family: Didelphidae (Opossum)
(NW)
Gen. Characters:
- Polydacttyly (all digits of the hind foot are free)
- Polyprodont ( multiple incisors of different sides) subequal in size
- 5/4 incisors
- molars trituber cular
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Marsupialia
Order: Diprotodontia
Family: Phalangeridae (Possum)
(AU)
Gen. Characters:
- no/smaller diastema
- diprotodont
- canines reduced in size
- last upper molar & premolar usually enlarged, projecting above molar crowns
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Marsupialia
Order: Diprotodontia
Family: Phalangeridae (Possum)
(AU)
Gen. Characters:
- no/smaller diastema
- diprotodont
- canines reduced in size
- last upper molar & premolar usually enlarged, projecting above molar crowns
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Marsupialia
Order: Diprotodontia
Family: Macropodidae (kangaroos,wallabies)
(AU)
Gen. Characters:
- large diastema
-diprodont
- upper incisors subequal
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Marsupialia
Order: Diprotodontia
Family: Macropodidae (kangaroos,wallabies)
(AU)
Gen. Characters:
- large diastema
- diprodont
- upper incisors subequal
Infraclass: Eutheria characters
- No epipubic bone
No fenestrated palate
- Jugal does not form Mandibular Fossa
- No inflicted Angular Process
Clade Xenarthra: Characters
-projections on vertebrate
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Eutheria
Clade: Xenarthra
Order: Cingulata
Family: Dasypodidae (armadillos)
(NW)
Gen. Characters:
- homodont cheekteeth
- keratinized scutes
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Eutheria
Order: Cingulata
Family: Dasypodidae (armadillos)
(NW)
Gen. Characters:
- homodont cheekteeth
- keratinized scutes
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Eutheria
Clade: Xenarthra
Order: Pilosa
Family: Bradypodidae (three-toed sloth)
(NW)
Gen. Characters:
- projections on jugal
- incomplete zygomatic arch
- all cheekteeth homodont (indistinguishable)
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Eutheria
Clade: Xenarthra
Order: Pilosa
Family: Bradypodidae (three-toed sloth)
(NW)
Gen. Characters:
- projections on jugal
- incomplete zygomatic arch
- all cheekteeth homodont (indistinguishable)
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Eutheria
Clade: Xenarthra
Order: Pilosa
Family: Myrmecophagidae(ant-eater)
(CA,SA)
Gen. Characters:
- no teeth
- incomplete zygomatic arch
- slull elongate, curving downward
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Eutheria
Clade: Xenarthra
Order: Pilosa
Family: Myrmecophagidae (ant-eater)
(CA,SA)
Gen. Characters:
- no teeth
- incomplete zygomatic arch
- slull elongate, curving downward
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Eutheria
Clade: Afrotheria
Order: Tublidentata
Family: Orycteropodidae (Aardvark)
(AF)
Gen. Characters:
- cheekteeth homodont, columnar consisting of numerous vertical tubes of dentine in a matrix of pulp
- incomplete zygomatic arch
- slull elongate, curving downward
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Eutheria
Clade: Afrotheria
Order: Tublidentata
Family: Orycteropodidae (Aardvark)
(AF)
Gen. Characters:
- cheekteeth homodont, columnar consisting of numerous vertical tubes of dentine in a matrix of pulp
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Eutheria
Clade: Afrotheria
Order: Macroscelidea
Family: Macroscelididae (elephant shrew)
(AF)
Gen. Characters:
- only eutherian w/ palatal fenestrations in teeth
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Eutheria
Clade: Afrotheria
Order: Macroscelididea
Family: Macroscelididae (elephant shrew)
(AF)
Gen. Characters:
- only eutherian w/ palatal fenestrations in teeth
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Eutheria
Clade: Panenungulata
Order: Hyracoidea
Family: Procavaiidae (hyrax)
(AF)
Gen. Characters:
- upper incisor, evergrowing, tusk-like, composed chietly or entirely of detine
- 1/2 I
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Eutheria
Clade: Panenungulata
Order: Hyracoidea
Family: Procavaiidae (hyrax)
(AF)
Gen. Characters:
- upper incisor, evergrowing, tusk-like, composed chietly or entirely of detine
- 1/2 I
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Eutheria
Clade: Panenungulata
Order: Proboscidea
Family: Elephantidae (elephant)
(AF)
Gen. Characters:
- long proboscis
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Eutheria
Clade: Panenungulata
Order: Sirenia
Family: (Dugong)
(AU,AS,AF)
Gen. Characters:
- upper incisor tusk-like
- tail fluke dolphin like
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Eutheria
Clade: Panenungulata
Order: Sirenia
Family: Trichechidae (manatee)
(AF,NW)
Gen. Characters:
- no upper incisor
- tail fluke evenly rounded
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Eutheria
Clade: Euarchontoglires
Order: Lagomorpha
Family: Ochotonidae (pika)
(NA,AS,EU)
Gen. Characters:
- no supraorbital process
- maxila fenestrated
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Eutheria
Clade: Euarchontoglires
Order: Lagomorpha
Family: Leporidae (rabbit)
(WW,exAU)
Gen. Characters:
- supraorbital process present, fanshaped
- two pair of incisors, second pair small
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Eutheria
Clade: Euarchontoglires
Order: Rodentia
Suborder: Sciuromorpha
Family: Aplodontiidae (mountain beaver)
(NA)
Gen. Characters:
- Jaw musculature protogomorphus (perfect circles, IOF)
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Eutheria
Clade: Euarchontoglires
Order: Rodentia
Suborder: Sciuromorpha
Family: Aplodontiidae (mountain beaver)
(NA)
Gen. Characters:
- Jaw musculature protogomorphus (perfect circles,
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Eutheria
Clade: Euarchontoglires
Order: Rodentia
Suborder: Sciuromorpha
Family: Sciuridae (squirrel)
(ww,exAu)
Gen. Characters:
- post-orbital process of these sciurid rodents
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Eutheria
Clade: Euarchontoglires
Order: Rodentia
Suborder: Castorimorpha
Family: Castoridae (mountain beaver)
(NA)
Gen. Characters:
- tail long broad naked & scaly
- distinct depression in basiocciptial
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Eutheria
Clade: Euarchontoglires
Order: Rodentia
Suborder: Castorimorpha
Family: Geomyidae (pocket gopher)
(Nw)
Gen. Characters:
- external furlined pouches
- infraorbital canal compressed against side of rostrum
- IOF Semi periced
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Eutheria
Clade: Euarchontoglires
Order: Rodentia
Suborder: Castorimorpha
Family: Heteromyidae (kangaroo rat)
(Nw)
Gen. Characters:
- external furlined pouches
- infraorbital canal compressed against side of rostrum
- IOF perforates rostrum
- inflated auditory bullae
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Eutheria
Clade: Euarchontoglires
Order: Rodentia
Suborder: Myomorpha
Family: Dipodidae (jumping mice)
(NA,EA)
Gen. Characters:
- infraorbital (oval large, opening anteriorly
- body small like kangaroo
- hind limbs elongate
- very long tail
- no external pouch
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Eutheria
Clade: Euarchontoglires
Order: Rodentia
Suborder: Myomorpha
Family: Dipodidae (jumping mice)
(NA,EA,AS,AF,EU)
Gen. Characters:
- infraorbital (oval large, opening anteriorly
- body small like kangaroo
- hind limbs elongate
- very long tail
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Eutheria
Clade: Euarchontoglires
Order: Rodentia
Suborder: Myomorpha
Family: Cricetidae
Subfamily: Arvicolinae (lemmings,muskrat)
(NA,EA)
Gen. Characters:
- ocuclusal surface flat prism”x-mas tree” cheekteeth
- short tail limbs, robust body
- true myomorphus
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Eutheria
Clade: Euarchontoglires
Order: Rodentia
Suborder: Myomorpha
Family: Cricetidae
Subfamily: Arvicolinae (lemmings,muskrat)
(NA,EA)
Gen. Characters:
-ocuclusal surface flat prism”x-mas tree” cheekteeth
- short tail limbs, robust body
- true myomorphus
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Eutheria
Clade: Euarchontoglires
Order: Rodentia
Suborder: Myomorpha
Family: Cricetidae
Subfamily: Neotominae (rats & mice)
(NA)
Gen. Characters:
- flat occusal surface, non-prismatic w/ rounded cusp
- 2 cusp rows
- furry tails
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Eutheria
Clade: Euarchontoglires
Order: Rodentia
Family: Muridae
Subfamily: Murinae (old world rat)
(ww)
Gen. Characters:
-3 main cusps running length of tooth row (looks like hump in the middle
- scaly tails
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Eutheria
Clade: Euarchontoglires
Order: Rodentia
Family: Muridae
Subfamily: Murinae (old world rat)
(ww)
Gen. Characters:
- 3 main cusps running length of tooth row (looks like hump in the middle
- scaly tails
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Eutheria
Clade: Euarchontoglires
Order: Rodentia
Family: Hystricomorpha
Subfamily: Erethizontidae (NW Porcupines)
(NW)
Gen. Characters:
- large infraorbital canal (hystricomorphus)
- folds (mitochondria) cheek teeth
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Eutheria
Clade: Euarchontoglires
Order: Rodentia
Family: Hystricomorpha
Subfamily: Erethizontidae (NW Porcupines)
(NW)
Gen. Characters:
- large infraorbital canal (hystricomorphus)
- folds (mitochondria) cheek teeth
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Eutheria
Clade: Euarchontoglires
Order: Rodentia
Family: Hystricomorpha
Subfamily: Chinchillidae (Chinchillas)
(SA)
Gen. Characters:
- large infraorbital canal (hystricomorphus)
- large auidtory bullae
- transverse plates on cheekteeth
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Eutheria
Clade: Euarchontoglires
Order: Dermoptera
Family: Cynocephalidae (Culugo,flying lemur)
(AS)
Gen. Characters:
-two inner lower incisors on each side wide, comb like (pectinate)
-gliding membrane stretching from neck to lower digits
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Eutheria
Clade: Euarchontoglires
Order: Scandentia
Family: Tupaiidae (Tree Shrew)
(AS)
Gen. Characters:
- postorbital process large(glasses), contacting zy arch to complete postorb. bar
- perforated zygomatic arch
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Eutheria
Clade: Euarchontoglires
Order: Primates
Suborder: Strepsirrhini
Family: Lemuridae (Lemurs)
(MA)
Gen. Characters:
- presence of tooth comb, composed of lower c & I
- POB complete, but orbital & temporal openings broadly confluent
- ischial butt & philtrum, Rhinarium
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Eutheria
Clade: Euarchontoglires
Order: Primates
Suborder: Haplorrrhini
Family: Atelidae (Spider, Howler Monkey)
(SA,CA)
Gen. Characters:
- 3PM & 3M = 6 cheekteeth
- AB does not extend as long tube
- naked where grasping
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Eutheria
Clade: Euarchontoglires
Order: Primates
Suborder: Haplorrrhini
Family: Cercopithecidae (Baboon)
(EU,AF,AS)
Gen. Characters:
- 1st lower premolar angled
-naked butt
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Eutheria
Clade: Euarchontoglires
Order: Primates
Suborder: Haplorrrhini
Family: Hominidae (Human)
(WW)
Gen. Characters:
- no angular first lower premolar
- auidtory bullae extending laterally as tube
