Lab Practical 2 Flashcards
Define a taxonomically ‘good’ character?
one that is genetically determined not enviromentally determined
Define ecophenotypic
A phenotype that is visible, physical characteristic which results from enviroment and not genetic expression
*the opposite of a good character
What are 4 morphological characteristics that sometimes are used a taxonomic characters
Physiological, behavioral, distributional, cytological
Spines are always expressed in what type of format?
Roman numerals
Rays are always expressed in what type of format?
numerical
What is the format for caudal fin count?
upper + principle + lower
What is the format for vertebrae count?
pre-caudal + caudal
What is species richness?
the number of different species
What is species heterogeneity?
the relative abundance of species
How do you determine S?
Average number of species per sample (Literally just count them)
How do you determine the Margalef diversity index?
d=(s-1)/lnN
d=(Average number of species per sample-1)/ln(Total number of fish)
When is the Margalef diversity index used?
When the sample sizes aren’t even
What is the Simpson index?
it shows species heterogenity : number of species present and how frequently they are encountered
[n(n-1)/N(N-1)]
n=number of indivduals per species you are calculating
N=total number of indivuals
What is the formula for community similarity?
CS=(Number of species in common) / (Total number of species
Define holotype
a single type specimen upon which the description and name of a new species is based.
What is a dichotomous key?
Dichotomous Key: is constructed using contrasting characteristics to divide the organisms in the key into smaller and smaller groups; each time a choice is made, a number of organisms are eliminated.
Therefore, dichotomous keys always give two choices in each step.
When determining species diversity what two things must be calculated?
Species Richness and Species heterogenity
SL (Standard Length) is?
SL (Standard Length): Distance from most anterior portion of body to the base of the caudal fin
BD (Body Depth) is
BD (Body Depth): The maximum distance measured perpendicular to the head-to-tail axis of a fish
HL (Head Length) is?
HL (Head Length): From the most anterior part of the head to the most posterior part of the operculum
SW (Suborbital Width) is?
SW (Suborbital Width): Shortest distance from bottom of eye socket to the edge of the upper jaw
