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Archive > Lab practical 2 > Flashcards

Lab practical 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Name the organ labelled A

A

Larynx (Thyroid cartilage)

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2
Q

Name the organ labelled B

A

Trachea

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3
Q

Name the organ labelled C

A

Right Lung

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4
Q

Name the organ labelled D

A

Left Lung

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5
Q

Name the organ labelled E

A

Heart

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6
Q

Name the organ labelled F

A

Diaphragm

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7
Q

Name the organ labelled G

A

Liver

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8
Q

Name the organ labelled H

A

Stomach

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9
Q

Name the organ labelled I

A

Transverse Colon

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10
Q

Name the organ labelled J

A

Small Intestine

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11
Q

Name the organ labelled K

A

Sigmoid Colon

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12
Q

Name the structure labelled A

A

Urinary bladder

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13
Q

Name the structure labelled B

A

Urethra

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14
Q

Name the structure labelled G

A

Testis

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15
Q

Name the structure labelled C

A

Vas (ductus) deferens

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16
Q

Name the structure labelled D

A

Spermatic cord

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17
Q

Name the structure labelled E

A

Penis

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18
Q

Name the structure labelled F

A

Epididymis

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19
Q

Name the structure labelled H

A

Scrotum

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20
Q

Which measurement is shown labelled A?

A

Tidal Volume

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21
Q

Which measurement is shown labelled B?

A

Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

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22
Q

Which measurement is shown labelled C?

A

Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

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23
Q

Which measurement is shown labelled D?

A

Residual Volume (RV)

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24
Q

Which measurement is shown labelled E?

A

Vital Capacity (VC)

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25
Q

Which measurement is shown labelled F?

A

Inspiratory capacity (IC)

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26
Q

Which measurement is shown labelled G?

A

functional Residual Capacity (FRC)

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27
Q

Which measurement is shown labelled H?

A

Total Lung Capacity (TLC)

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28
Q

What is the formula for calculating Inspiratory Capacity? (IC)

A

IC= TV + IRV

(Tidal Volume plus Inspiratory reserve volume)

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29
Q

What is the formula for calculating Vital Capacity (VC)?

A

VC = TV + IRV + ERV

(Tidal Volume + Inspiratory reserve volume + Expiratory Reserve Volume)

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30
Q

What is the formula for calculating Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) ?

A

FRC = ERV + RV

(Expiratory reserve volume + Residual Volume)

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31
Q

How do we calculate Residual Volume?

A

We don’t, we use average values for males and females respectively

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32
Q

What is the Average Residual Volume for a Female?

A

1.1L

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33
Q

What is the Average Residual Volume for a male?

A

1.2L

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34
Q

Why can’t RV be measured with a spirometer?

A

The residual volume is the only lung volume that cannot be measured directly because it is impossible to completely empty the lung of air.

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35
Q

What is the formula for calculating Total Lung Capacity (TLC)?

A

Total Lung Capacity = TV + IRV + ERV + RV

or = VC + RV

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36
Q

What is Tidal Volume?

A

Amount of air inhaled and exhaled in one cycle of quiet breathing

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37
Q

What is average expected tidal volume ?

A

500ml

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38
Q

What is Inspriratory Reserve Volume?

A

Amount of air in excess of Tidal Volume that can be inhaled with maximum effort

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39
Q

What is average Inspiratory Reserve volume?

A

3000ml

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40
Q

What is Expiratory Reserve Volume?

A

amount of air in excess of tidal volume that can be exhaled with maximum effort

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41
Q

What is average Expiratory Reserve Volume?

A

1200mL

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42
Q

What is Residual Volume?

A

Amount of air remaining in the lungs after maximum expiration; the amlount that can never be voluntarily exhaled

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43
Q

What is Vital Capacity?

A

The amount of air that can be inhaled and exhaled with maximum effort; the deepest possible breath

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44
Q

What is Inspiratory Capacity?

A

Maximum amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal tidal expiration

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45
Q

What is functional residual capacity?

A

Amount of air remaining in the lungs after normal tidal expiration

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46
Q

What is total lung capacity?

A

Maximum am ount of air the lungs can contain

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47
Q

Wht is average TLC?

A

6L

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48
Q

What is the item pictured?

A

Air Tubing for spirometry

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49
Q

What is the item pictured?

A

Bacterial filter for spirometry

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50
Q

What is the item pictured?

A

Cardboard mouthpiece for spirometry

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51
Q

What is the item pictured?

A

Flow head for spirometry

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52
Q

Which part of airflow tubing should be nearest the cardboard mouthpiece/test subject?

A

Grooved tube marked red

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53
Q

How do you read TV on iworx?

A

Place the first cursor in the trough before inhalation and the second cursor at the peak

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54
Q

how do you read IRV on the iworx program?

A

Place one cursor on the peak of normal breath prior to the maximum inhalation. and the second cursor on the peak of the forced breath cycle

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55
Q

How do you read ERV on iworx?

A

Place the first cursor in the trough before the maximum inhalation and the second cursor on the flatline after the maximum exhalation

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56
Q

In the below formulas for predicted vital capacity, what do the H and A stand for?

Female: (0.118872 x H) - (0.000252 x A2 ) - 3.598

Male: (0.148 x H) - (0.025 x B) - 4.2421

A

Height in inches

Age

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57
Q

What is the formula for calculating the FEV1 /FVC ratio?

A

FEV1/FVC x 100

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58
Q

What is the FEV1 of subject A?

A

2.5

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59
Q

What is the FEV1 of subject B?

A

2

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60
Q

What is the FVC for subject A?

A

4L

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61
Q

What is the FVC for subject B?

A

2.5L

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62
Q

What should an FEV1/FVC ratio be?

A

>75%

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63
Q

What should % of FVC is normal

A

>80%

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64
Q

What is the tissue pictured?

A

Lung tissue

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65
Q

What is the structure labelled A?

A

Simple squamous epithelium of lungs

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66
Q

What is the structure labelled B?

A

Alveoli of lungs

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67
Q

What is the tissue slide pictured?

A

Trachea tissue

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68
Q

What is the structure labelled A?

A

Submucosal Seromucous glands

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69
Q

What is the structure labelled B?

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelial (ciliated)

70
Q

What is the structure labelled C?

A

Cilia

71
Q

What is the structure labelled D?

A

Lumen

72
Q

What is the structure labelled E?

A

Hyaline cartilage

73
Q

What is the structure labelled A?

A

Uterus

74
Q

What is the structure labelled B?

A

Ovary

75
Q

What is the structure labelled C?

A

Urinary Bladder

76
Q

What is the structure labelled D?

A

Vagina

77
Q

What is the structure labelled E?

A

Urethra

78
Q

Name the structure labelled 1 ?

A

Larynx (thyroid cartilage)

79
Q

Name the structure labelled 2 ?

A

Trachea

80
Q

Name the structure labelled 3 ?

A

Lungs

81
Q

Name the structure labelled 4 ?

A

Esophagus

82
Q

Name the structure labelled 5 ?

A

Liver

83
Q

Name the structure labelled 6 ?

A

Gall bladder

84
Q

Name the structure labelled 7 ?

A

Spleen

85
Q

Name the structure labelled 8 ?

A

stomach

86
Q

Name the structure labelled 9 ?

A

Pancreas

87
Q

Name the structure labelled 10 ?

A

duodenim

88
Q

Name the structure labelled 11 ?

A

Kidney

89
Q

Name the structure labelled 12 ?

A

Transverse colon

90
Q

Name the structure labelled 13 ?

A

Ureters

91
Q

Name the structure labelled 14 ?

A

Ascending colon

92
Q

Name the structure labelled 15 ?

A

Cecum

93
Q

Name the structure labelled 16 ?

A

Appendix

94
Q

Name the structure labelled 17 ?

A

Jejunum

95
Q

Name the structure labelled 18 ?

A

Ileum

96
Q

Name the structure labelled 19 ?

A

Descending colon

97
Q

Name the structure labelled 20?

A

sigmoid colon

98
Q
A

Hi there!

99
Q

Name the structure labelled 21 ?

A

Ovary

100
Q

Name the structure labelled 22 ?

A

Uterus

101
Q

What is the structure numbered 1?

A

Lungs

102
Q

What is the structure numbered 2?

A

Trachea

103
Q

What is the structure numbered 3?

A

diaphragm

104
Q

What is the structure numbered 4?

A

Larynx

105
Q

What is the structure numbered 4a?

A

Epiglottis

106
Q

What is the structure numbered 5?

A

Greater omentum

107
Q

What is the structure labelled 6?

A

Liver

108
Q

What is the structure labelled 7?

A

Gall Bladder

109
Q

What is the structure coloured Blue?

A

Stomach

110
Q

What is the colored structure?

A

Duodenim

111
Q
A
112
Q

What is the colored structure?

A

Small intestine

113
Q

What is the colored structure?

A

Ileum

114
Q

What is the colored structure?

A

ascending colon

115
Q

What is the colored structure?

A

transverse colon

116
Q

What is the colored structure?

A

descending colon

117
Q

What is the colored structure?

A

Sigmoid Colon

118
Q

What is the colored structure?

A

Spleen

119
Q

What is the colored structure?

A

Mesentery

120
Q

What is the colored structure?

A

Pancreas

121
Q

What is the colored structure?

A

Appendix (Vermiform)

122
Q

What is the colored structure?

A

Caecum

123
Q

What is the colored structure?

A

Esophagus

124
Q

What are the structures labelled 20?

A

Kidneys

125
Q

What is the structure labelled 21?

A

Ureters

126
Q

What is the structure labelled 22?

A

Urinary bladder

127
Q

What is the colored structure?

A

Male urethra

128
Q

What are the structures labelled 32?

A

Ovaries

129
Q

what is the structure labelled 29?

A

Spermatic cord

130
Q

What is the colored structure?

A

Scrotal Sac (scrotum)

131
Q

What is the colored structure?

A

Testis

132
Q

What is the colored structure?

A

Vas (ductus) deferens

133
Q

What is the colored structure?

A

an excuse to behave like a dick

(so Jennie must have one!)

134
Q

What is the colored structure?

A

Epididymus

135
Q

What is the colored structure?

A

Vagina

136
Q

What is the colored structure?

A

Uterus

137
Q

What is the colored structure?

A

Urethra

138
Q

What is the structure labelled 5?

A

Lungs

139
Q

What is the structure labelled 6?

A

Gall bladder

140
Q

What is the structure labelled 7?

A

Liver

141
Q

What is the structure labelled 8?

A

Small intestine

142
Q

What is the structure labelled 9?

A

Trachea

143
Q

What is the structure labelled 16?

A

diaphragm

144
Q

What is the structure labelled 17?

A

Stomach

145
Q

What is the structure labelled 18?

A

Greater Omentum

146
Q

What is the structure labelled 14?

A

Vagina

147
Q

What is the structure labelled 13?

A

Uterus

148
Q

What is the structure labelled 3?

A

Ovary

149
Q

What is the structure labelled 1?

A

Kidney

150
Q

What is the structure labelled 4?

A

Ureter

151
Q

What is the structure labelled 5?

A

Urinary Bladder

152
Q

What is the structure labelled 6?

A

Urethra

153
Q

What are the structures labelled 11 & 22?

A

Testis

154
Q

What is the structure labelled 19?

A

Vas (ductus) deferens

155
Q

What is the structure labelled 10?

A

Penis

156
Q

What is the structure labelled 21?

A

Spermatic cord

157
Q

What is emulsification?

A

Emulsification is the mechanical process of breaking lipids into smaller droplets of fat

158
Q

What kind of digestion is emulsification?

A

Mechanical digestion

159
Q

Name the emulsifier used in the lipid digestion experiment

A

Bile salts

160
Q

What is the function of a bile salt?

A

physically break up the lipids (mechanical digestion) into smaller droplets which provides more surface area for lipases to then break down the lipids chemically

161
Q

What materials are needed to test the effect of bile salts on emulsification of a lipid?

A
  • 2% Bile salt solution
  • Vegetable oil – lipid
  • Distilled water
  • Two 2 ml microcentrifuge tubes
  • Disposable droppers
162
Q

In which tube has emulsification occurred and why?

A

Test tube 2

Small drops of fat were present in Test Tube 2 indicating emulsification had taken place

163
Q

The attached photo shows the following vials (Lipid digestion experiment)

A: cream, H20

B: Cream, H20, Bile

C Cream, Bile, Lipase

Which shows the most complete digestion, and why?

A

Vial C

BECAUSE IT CONTAINS ALL NECESSARY REAGENTS FOR COMPLETE DIGESTION (LIPASE, BILE, CREAM)

164
Q

Which PH indicator was used in the lipid digestion experiment?

A

Bromothymol Blue

165
Q

WhatPH does the blue vial indicate when bromothymol blue is used?

A

PH of >7 because fatty acids are present

(Yes, fatty acids are BASIC bitches!)

166
Q

What PH does the yellow vial indicate when Bromothymol is present?

A

PH <7 indicating lack of fatty acids (digestion has taken place)

167
Q

What is pancreatic lipase?

A

an enzyme produced by the pancreatic acinar cells and chemically digests triglycerides

168
Q

What is the role of bile in digestion of lipids using lipase?

A

The bile begins the process by emulsifying the fat

The smaller droplets resulting have a greater surface area for catabolism by the lipase

169
Q

what is Amylase?

A

Amylase is a digestive enzyme produced by salivary glands and the pancreas.

It breaks dietary starches (polysaccharides) down into more simple sugars (disaccharides and monosaccharides)

170
Q

What is Lugol’s solution?

A

It is a test for starch.

Purple/ black is positive for starch and progressively lighter as less starch is present.

171
Q

Each vial contains varying concentrations of starch, amylase, and Lugol’s solution. In which is digestion of starch most complete and why?

A

F,

Test Tube F indicated the most complete digestion due to its pale purple color.

172
Q

Which reactants, enzymes and PH indicator were used in the

A

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