Lab Practical Flashcards
_______can be any type of body shape_____, physiological process, or behavior that enables
the organism to survive in its environment.
Adaptations / (morphological structure
What are the 4 different environments that are being simulated in the bird beak lab?
aquatic vegetation (pond or lake),
terrestrial (below
soil surface),
terrestrial – (plant seeds),
and terrestrial – (flowers)
What are the tools used in the bird beak lab?
a) fish net - used to filter or strain water
b) pipette – used to suck up liquid
c) tweezers – used to pick up food
d) pliers – used to crack open food
- In the Bird Beak Lab-Which variable in this lab is the dependent variable? Which is the independent variable?
Dependent variable- environment
Independent variable- beak structures
Define adaptation.
A characteristic or trait that allows for maximum survival and enhances its evolutionary fitness.
Who performed experiments on peppered moths in the 1850s?
Bernard Kettlewell
What did Kettlewell conclude?
So Kettlewell concluded that natural selection from industrial melanism caused the moths to adapt to their changing environment.
What type of selection is the peppered moth?
directional
What is a coacervate?
tiny spherical droplet of assorted organic molecules (specifically, lipid molecules) which is held together by hydrophobic forces from a surrounding liquid.
Who found coacervates?
Alexander Oparin
How many ml are used in the start of the coarcervate lab?
3 ml of gelatin solution
What is added to the 3ml of gelatin solution?
1 ml of gum arabic solution
What do you add until coacervates form?
1 drop og HCL
methylene blue dye is
positively charged
Oparin and Haldane’s hypothesis for the origin of life
Sponteous generation
________ assumes that all life on Earth has evolved from a __________. Thus all
life is related and should share characteristics with one another
The theory of evolution/common ancestor
________ indicate show relationship of seemingly unrelated organisms
Homologous
structures
What is the Nuttall Precipitation Technique?
test the similarities of blood proteins.
What color are antibodies?
Clear
What is agglutination?
antibodies in the serum bind to the invading
substance
What animal is used in theNuttall Precipitation Technique?
rabbit i
What were the scores for agglutination?
3 = heavy agglutination (strong, immediate reaction)
2 = medium agglutination (definite clotting, may take several seconds to form)
1 = slight agglutination (weak reaction, takes a while for a few crystals to form)
0 = no reaction
What type of sexual selection (intersexual or intrasexual) is exhibited by the 40 species of birds of paradise?
Intraselection
What was the hypothesis of this study? This is a tough question to answer, just so you know.
The hypothesis of the study is that the extreme coloration found in birds of paradise will provide insight into understanding key elements of sexual and natural selection involved in the species.
color richness and song (acoustics) of the males
The study that in selection there are correlated levels of feather ornamentation with multiple signals.
mating behaviors and song (acoustics) of the male
Behavioral richness including complex dances has an inverse relationship with the display height. This behavioral richness was greater at the forest strata. The complexity of song as a signal by males was greater in the canopy.
song (acoustics) of the male and forest strata (display height)
The song of the male and the forest strata do have a relationship. The study found that the richness of the song increased as the display height increased. The song richness was greater in the upper canopy.
What is a lek as it applies to birds
A lek is group of males who compete for mating rights with a female.
cacophonous lek differ from an exploding lek?
Cacophonous lekking is acoustic male competition
- Describe the three categories of females listed in the figure. Which category do males prefer?
Provide evidence from the figure.
Subadult
Virgin Adult
Mated Adult
What group of birds has shown the largest decline in the past 48 years?
Grassland birds
What was the only group of birds that showed an increase in population over the 48 years of data?
Waterfowl
What are the 4 primary flyways, migratory routes, in North American called?
Atlantic, Mississippi, Central and Pacific
- What is the difference between short-distance and long-distance migrants?
Short distance:
These would be changes in elevation
Long distance:
Migration of greater than 1000 miles.
What are 3 environmental cues/signals to a bird that it should migrate south? Which environmental cue is usually considered the most important when it comes to migration?
Change in temperature
Shortening days
Change in available food
Change in the available food. Birds need to fatter up in order to make the journey and need to pay attention to the cues or there may not be as much available food to make the journey.
How many bird species have gone extinct in North America over the past 48 years from this study?
More than 700 million individuals from 31 grassland species showed a decrease in populations. One million individuals from forest biomes. 419 migratory species have declined.
Colored disks represent a population of bacteria that are in your body with different levels of antibiotic resistance:
Blue Disks = Least resistant bacteria
Yellow Disks = Resistant bacteria
Red Disks = Extremely resistant bacteria
In the antibiotic experiment, In this experiment what is the dependent variable? independent variable?
Dependent variable- # of bacteria (population)
Independent variable- Antibiotic
What are your initial starting numbers for the antibiotic resistance lab?
17- Blue
6 Yellow
1 red
