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Conj 401 > Lab Practical #1 Wheater > Flashcards

Lab Practical #1 Wheater Flashcards

1
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7
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8
Q

What is this cell?

A

Neutrophil

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9
Q

What is this cell?

A

Neutrophil

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10
Q

What is this cell?

A

Lymphocyte

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11
Q

What is this cell?

A

Monocyte

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12
Q

What is this cell?

A

Red Blood Cell and Unactivated Platelet

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13
Q

What is this cell?

A

Activated Platelet

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14
Q

What is this cell?

A

plasma cell

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15
Q

What is this cell?

A

Lymphocyte and endothelium

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16
Q
A

Thymus, cortex, medulla

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17
Q

Name the structures

A
  • afferent lymphatic vessels
  • efferent lymphatic vessels
  • capsule
  • trabeculae (singular: trabeculum)
  • cortex
  • medulla
  • lymphoid follicles (B-Cells)
  • paracortical area (T-Cells)
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18
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19
Q
A

Spleen

White Pulp

Red Pulp

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20
Q
A

MALT

mucosa associated lymphoid tissue

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21
Q

lumen

A

hollow interior of organ

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22
Q

simple

A

refers to an epithelium of one layer of cells

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23
Q

stratified

A

refers to an epithelium comprised of two or more layers of cells

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24
Q

squamous

A

extremely flat, shaped like pancake

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25
Q

apical membrane

A

membrane of an epithelium bordering the lumen

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26
Q

basolateral membrane

A

the membrane of an epithelium opposite to the apical membrane

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27
Q

epidermis tissue type

A

stratified squamous keratinized epithelium

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28
Q
A

Basement membrane

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29
Q

Dermis

  • Tissue
  • Cell
  • Fiber
A
  • dense irregular connective tissue
  • fibroblasts
  • type I collagen fibers
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30
Q

Capillaries

  • Tissue type
  • Structure
A
  • Simple squamous epithelium
  • Endothelium
31
Q

Hypodermis

  • Type of tissue
  • Type of fiber
  • cell
  • special tissue
A
  • loose connective tissue
  • type I collagen fiber
  • adipocyte
  • adipose tissue
32
Q
A
  • hair follicle
  • arrector pili
  • sebaceous gland
33
Q

Skin of the Eyelid

A
  • Epidermis
    • stratified squamous keratinized epithelium
  • Conjunctiva
  • Tarsal gland
    • holocrine secretion
  • Sebaceous sweat gland
  • Lacrimal Gland
    • acinus
    • duct
      • simple cuboidal epithelium
34
Q

Small intestine

A
  • Mucosa
  • Simple columnar epithelium
  • goblet cells
  • apical membrane
  • basolateral membrane
35
Q
A
  • Microvilli
    • brush border
  • Apical Membrane
  • Basolateral Membrane
36
Q

Submucosa

A
  • Loose connective tissue
    • (blue)
  • type I collagen
37
Q

Smooth Muscle

A
  • longtitudinal
  • (purple)
38
Q
A
  • articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage)
    • type II collagen
  • anterior cruciate ligament
  • posterior cruciate ligament
  • fibular collateral ligament (lateral)
  • tibial collateral ligament (medial)
  • patellar ligament
  • lateral meniscus
  • medial meniscus
  • fibrocartilage
    • type I collagen fibers and type II
  • synovial cavity
39
Q
A
  • Bursa (flat green sac)
  • tendon sheath (green wrapped around tendon)
  • fibrous capsule (#7) innermost white
40
Q

Bone

  • Fiber
  • Cell
  • Layer
  • System
  • Space
  • Structure
  • Middle Canal
A
  • type I collagen
  • osteocyte
  • lamellae (singular: lamella)
  • Haversian systems
  • lacunae
  • canaliculi (singular: canaliculus)
  • Haversian canal
41
Q
  • Ligaments and Tendons
    • Tissue
    • Cell
    • Fiber
A
  • Light Brown/Pink
    • dense regularly arranged connective tissue
    • fibroblasts
    • type I collagen
42
Q

Articular Cartilage

  • Stain color
  • tissue
  • cells
  • space
  • fibers
  • structure
A
  • Dark Green
    • hyaline cartilage (tissue that makes up articular cartilage)
    • chondrocytes
    • lacuna
    • type II collagen fibers
    • perichondrium
43
Q

Neuroglia

A
  • Neuroglia: surround and support neurons, make myelin
44
Q

Neuron Histology

A
  • Cell Body (grey-green)
  • Nucleus (clear)
  • Nucleolus (dark)
45
Q

Axons

A
  • Bundle of axons is a nerve
  • nodes of Ranvier
46
Q
A
  • High magnification of myelin
47
Q
A
  • Myelin
  • Axon
48
Q
A
  • Slide is all red
  • Endoneurium
    • single axon
  • Perineurium
    • fascicle
  • Epineurium
49
Q

kilocalorie

A

amount of heat that will raise one liter of water 1 degree celsius

50
Q

dietary manual calories

A

is the equivalent of one kilocalories

51
Q

kilojoule

A

preferred energy unit in the international system (=0.24 kilocalories)

52
Q

1 joule/sec

A

1 watt (rate of energy expenditure)

53
Q

1 kjoule/min

A

16.7 watts

54
Q

1 kcal/min

A

69.7 watt

55
Q

VO2 to kilocalories

A

4.8 kcal/L O2

56
Q

Direct Method of Measuring Energy Expenditure

A
  • Determined by measuring the rate at which heat is released by the body.
  • Based on first law of thermondynamics
57
Q

Indirect Method of Measuring Energy Expenditure

A
  • Energy expended calculated from teh rate at which oxygen is consumed
  • Typical diet, 4.8 kcal of energy are released for each liter of oxygen consumed
58
Q

MET

A
  • metebolic equivalent
  • 1 MET=amount of energy when sitting quietly
  • 70 kg person burns 70 kcal/hr
59
Q

spirometer

A

gas is squeezed into this machiene to be measured

60
Q

Gas Volume to Volume at STP (conversion factor)

A

0.89

61
Q

Ve

A
  • Volume of gas per minute at STP
  • (Change in volume of Gas)*(spirometer calibration 0.133)=volume of gas in liters
  • Volume/min=Liters/min
  • Ve=(Liters/min)*(factor to convert to STP)
62
Q

VCO2

A

VCO2=VeFECO2

  • FECO2=fraction of carbon dioxide
  • from computer
63
Q

kilocalories/min

A
  • (liters O2/min)*(4.8 kcal/liter O2)
64
Q

METS

A
  • Kcal per hour/weight in kg
65
Q

Vo2 max

A

the maximum rate of energy expenditure

66
Q

lactate threshold (anaerobic threshold)

A

lactic acid begins to increase in the blood because the amount of oxygen delivered to the mitochondria is no longer sufficient o generate enough ATP for the level of exercise

67
Q

R.Q.

A
  • VCO2/VO2
68
Q

RQ if only carbohydrate being used

A

RQ=1

69
Q

RQ in this experiment

A
  • RQ change due to the release of lactic acid into the blood.
  • increased acidity sitmulated peripheral chemoreceptor and increased rate/depth of breathing
    • increased ventilation
      *
70
Q

Fraction of oxygen in the room

A

0.2090

71
Q

Carbonic anhydrase

A

CO2+H20>H2CO3>H+HCO3

72
Q

RQ quotient at lactate threshold

A
  • But above the lactate threshold we expect the R.Q. to steadily increase as H+ stimulates the peripheral chemoreceptor and as H+ reacts with bicarbonate in the blood to liberate CO2. This is what we see above about 160 watts.
73
Q
A

Conj 401 (4 decks)

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