Lab Practical 1 Flashcards
Anterior/Cranial
Toward the head end of the body
Posterior/Caudal
Toward the tail end of the body
Dorsal
Toward the back
Ventral
Toward the belly
Medial
Toward the midline
Lateral
Away from the midline
Distal
Away from the point of attachment of an apendage
Proximal
Toward the point of attachment of an appendage
Frontal plane
Divides body into anterior/posterior or ventral/dorsal
Sagittal plane
Divides body into lateral segments
Transverse plane
Divides body into cranial/caudal or superior/inferior ends
What are the five key chordate characteristics?
Notochord, pharyngeal gill slits, dorsal tubular nerve cord, past anal tail, and endostyle/thyroid gland.
A slender rod that lies dorsal to the coelom but beneath and parallel with the CNS.
Notochord
A series of slits in the pharynx.
Pharyngeal gill slits
A hollow nerve cord that runs parallel along the gut.
Dorsal tubular nerve cord
A posterior elongation of the body beyond the anus, composed of segmented musculature and a notochord.
Post anal tail
Gland involved in metabolism of iodine.
Endostyle/Thyroid gland
Organize these structures from dorsal to ventral:
Coelom, DTNC, Endostyle, Notochord
Dorsal - DTNC, Notochord, Coelom, Endostyle - Ventral
What is the overall Linnaean classification of Lampreys?
Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animala Phylum: Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrata Class: Cephalaspidimorphi Subclass: n/a Order: Petromyzontiformes Family: Petromyzontidae Species name: Petromyzontidae
What is the overall Linnaean classification of Dogfish Sharks?
Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animala Phylum: Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrata Class: Chrondrichthyes Subclass: Elasmobranchii Order: Squaliformes Family: Squalidae Species name: Squalus acanthias
What is the overall classification of Mudpuppies?
Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animala Phylum: Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrata Class: Amphibia Subclass: Lissamphibia Order: Urodela/Caudata Family: Proteidae Species name: Necturus maculosus
What is the overall classification of domestic cats?
Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animala Phylum: Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrata Class: Mammalia Subclass: Theria Order: Carnivora Family: Felidae Species name: Felis domestica
Which taxon is considered the sister to vertebrates?
Urochordata
What is one characterisitic that unites the chordates?
Notochord
What is one characteristic that supports the close relationship between Chordates and Ambulacraria (i.e., the group that is known as Deuterostomes)?
The embryological characteristics, such as the mouth forms opposite to the blastopore.
What is one characteristic which supports the separation of protostomes and deuterostomes?
The protostomes have spiral cleavage while the deuterostomes have radial cleavage.
What taxa are considered protochordates?
Hemichordata (enteropneusta, pterobranchia), Cephalochordata (lancelets/ampioxus), Urochordata (tunicates/sea squirts).
Which chordate characteristics are present in adult urochordates?
- Notochord
- Pharyngeal slits
- DTNC
- endostyle
- post anal tail
Which chordate characteristics are present in amphioxus?
- Notochord
- Pharyngeal slits
- DTNC
- endostyle
- post anal tail
What two taxa are descendants of an ancestral lineage that gave rise to all vertebrates?
Myxinoidea and Petromyzontiformes
