Lab Practical 1 Flashcards by kaitlyn hohman

What are the sensory receptors located in the head

Nose Tongue Eyes Ears

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Parts of the vision system

Eyes Optic nerves Vision centers in the brain Accessory structures

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Processes light to produce images Three layers Two chambers Specialized parts

Eye

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White of the eye Protects the eye Sense receptors Cornea

Outer layer of eye (sclera)

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Cornea

Front of eye “Window” which allows light into eye Bends light as it enters

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Contains blood vessels Iris Ciliary body Lens

Middle layer of the eye (choroid)

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Iris

Colored part of the eye Muscle that contracts and relaxes to open/close the pupil Regulates the amount of light that enters the eye

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Ciliary body

Muscles Controls the shape of the lens

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Lens

Posterior to the iris Focuses light on the retina

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Visual receptors Optic disc

Inner layer of the eye (retina)

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Types of visual receptors

Rods Cones

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Rods

Sensitive to light Will function in dim light Provide “Limited” night vision Do not provide sharp image Do not detect color

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Cones

Function in bright light Sensitive to color Provide sharp images

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Optic disc

Where the optic nerve enters the retina

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Chambers of the eye

Anterior Posterior

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Anterior chamber of the eye

Front of lens Filled with aqueous humor

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Nourishes and bathes the anterior eye Watery

Aqueous humor

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Posterior chamber

Behind lens Contains vitreous humor

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Maintains shape of eyeball Holds retina in place Jelly-like

Vitreous humor

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Eye orbits

Eye sockets Form a protective shell around the eyes

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Eyelids

Skin, muscle and connective tissue Blinking

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Blinking

Prevents surface from drying out Keeps foreign material out of eye

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Conjunctivas

Mucus membranes Line inner surfaces of eyelids

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Lacrimal apparatus

Lacrimal glands Nasolacrimal ducts

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Lacrimal glands

Lateral edge of eyeballs Produce tears

Nasolacrimal ducts

Medial aspect of eyeballs Drain tears into nose

How many extrinsic eye muscles are there?

How do the extrinsic eye muscles move the eyeball

Superiorly Inferiorly Laterally Medially

What percent of eye injuries are preventable

Eye safety practices

Adequate lighting/handrails Pad/cushion sharpe edges of furniture Toys should be age appropriate Do not mix chemicals

Proper protective eyewear

Goggles Sports eye guards

Aging eye

Eyelids may droop Quality & quantity of tears decrease Conjunctiva thins & eyes may become dryer Cornea yellows, fat deposits around it Brown spots on sclera Pupils become smaller Lens denser & more rigid Lens yellows Retinal changes-vision fuzzy Changes in ability of eye to adapt to light Impaired night vision Decreased peripheral vision

Medical do it who is an eye specialist

Ophthalmologist

Provides vision screening and diagnostic testing

Optometrist

Fills vision prescriptions for glasses and contacts

Opticians

Impairment of distance vision

Myopia

What occurs when a individual has myopia

Eyeball is too long Light focuses anterior to retina Snellen chart Normal vision

Impairment of near vision

Hyperopia

What occurs when an individual suffers from hyperopia

Eyeball is shorter Light focused posterior to retina Test using a handheld chart with various sizes of print Presbyopia

Impairment due to aging Loss of lens elasticity

Presbyopia

What are our special senses

Smell Taste Vision Hearing/equilibrium Touch

Distinguishing shades of gray relates to

Contrast sensitivity

Color blindness

May be inherited More common in males

Difficulties with color vision may indicate

Retinal or optic nerve disease

What blood type has a, b, and rh present on the earth richer surface

AB+

What blood type can AB+ receive from?

Universal recipient

What type of blood can AB+ donate to?

AB+

What blood type has A and b antigens present on erythrocyte surface?

AB-

What blood types can someone with AB- type blood receive?

AB-, A-, B-, O-

Blood type AB- can donate blood to

AB+, AB-

What blood type has a and rh present?

A+

What blood types can A+ receive blood from?

A+, A-, O+, O-

What blood types can A+ donate to?

AB+, A+

What blood type has only A antigens present?

A-

What blood types can A- receive from?

A- and O-

What blood types can be donated to A-

AB+, AB-, A+, A-

What blood type has b and rh antigens present

B+

What blood types can B+ receive from

B+, B-, O+, O-

What blood types can donate to a B+ person

AB+, B+

What blood type has b antigens present

B-

What blood types can B- receive from

B-, O-

What blood types can B- donate to

AB+, AB-, B+, B-

What blood type has only rh antigens present?

O+

What blood types can O+ receive from

O+, O-

What blood types can O+ donate to

AB+, A+, B+, O+

What blood type has no antigens present

O-

What blood type can O- receive from?

O-

What blood type can O- donate to

Universal donor