Lab Practical 1 Flashcards
What are the sensory receptors located in the head
Nose Tongue Eyes Ears
Parts of the vision system
Eyes Optic nerves Vision centers in the brain Accessory structures
Processes light to produce images Three layers Two chambers Specialized parts
Eye
White of the eye Protects the eye Sense receptors Cornea
Outer layer of eye (sclera)
Cornea
Front of eye “Window” which allows light into eye Bends light as it enters
Contains blood vessels Iris Ciliary body Lens
Middle layer of the eye (choroid)
Iris
Colored part of the eye Muscle that contracts and relaxes to open/close the pupil Regulates the amount of light that enters the eye
Ciliary body
Muscles Controls the shape of the lens
Lens
Posterior to the iris Focuses light on the retina
Visual receptors Optic disc
Inner layer of the eye (retina)
Types of visual receptors
Rods Cones
Rods
Sensitive to light Will function in dim light Provide “Limited” night vision Do not provide sharp image Do not detect color
Cones
Function in bright light Sensitive to color Provide sharp images
Optic disc
Where the optic nerve enters the retina
Chambers of the eye
Anterior Posterior
Anterior chamber of the eye
Front of lens Filled with aqueous humor
Nourishes and bathes the anterior eye Watery
Aqueous humor
Posterior chamber
Behind lens Contains vitreous humor
Maintains shape of eyeball Holds retina in place Jelly-like
Vitreous humor
Eye orbits
Eye sockets Form a protective shell around the eyes
Eyelids
Skin, muscle and connective tissue Blinking
Blinking
Prevents surface from drying out Keeps foreign material out of eye
Conjunctivas
Mucus membranes Line inner surfaces of eyelids
Lacrimal apparatus
Lacrimal glands Nasolacrimal ducts
Lacrimal glands
Lateral edge of eyeballs Produce tears
Nasolacrimal ducts
Medial aspect of eyeballs Drain tears into nose
How many extrinsic eye muscles are there?
6
How do the extrinsic eye muscles move the eyeball
Superiorly Inferiorly Laterally Medially
What percent of eye injuries are preventable
90
Eye safety practices
Adequate lighting/handrails Pad/cushion sharpe edges of furniture Toys should be age appropriate Do not mix chemicals
Proper protective eyewear
Goggles Sports eye guards
Aging eye
Eyelids may droop Quality & quantity of tears decrease Conjunctiva thins & eyes may become dryer Cornea yellows, fat deposits around it Brown spots on sclera Pupils become smaller Lens denser & more rigid Lens yellows Retinal changes-vision fuzzy Changes in ability of eye to adapt to light Impaired night vision Decreased peripheral vision
Medical do it who is an eye specialist
Ophthalmologist
Provides vision screening and diagnostic testing
Optometrist
Fills vision prescriptions for glasses and contacts
Opticians
Impairment of distance vision
Myopia
What occurs when a individual has myopia
Eyeball is too long Light focuses anterior to retina Snellen chart Normal vision
Impairment of near vision
Hyperopia
What occurs when an individual suffers from hyperopia
Eyeball is shorter Light focused posterior to retina Test using a handheld chart with various sizes of print Presbyopia
Impairment due to aging Loss of lens elasticity
Presbyopia
What are our special senses
Smell Taste Vision Hearing/equilibrium Touch
Distinguishing shades of gray relates to
Contrast sensitivity
Color blindness
May be inherited More common in males
Difficulties with color vision may indicate
Retinal or optic nerve disease
What blood type has a, b, and rh present on the earth richer surface
AB+
What blood type can AB+ receive from?
Universal recipient
What type of blood can AB+ donate to?
AB+
What blood type has A and b antigens present on erythrocyte surface?
AB-
What blood types can someone with AB- type blood receive?
AB-, A-, B-, O-
Blood type AB- can donate blood to
AB+, AB-
What blood type has a and rh present?
A+
What blood types can A+ receive blood from?
A+, A-, O+, O-
What blood types can A+ donate to?
AB+, A+
What blood type has only A antigens present?
A-
What blood types can A- receive from?
A- and O-
What blood types can be donated to A-
AB+, AB-, A+, A-
What blood type has b and rh antigens present
B+
What blood types can B+ receive from
B+, B-, O+, O-
What blood types can donate to a B+ person
AB+, B+
What blood type has b antigens present
B-
What blood types can B- receive from
B-, O-
What blood types can B- donate to
AB+, AB-, B+, B-
What blood type has only rh antigens present?
O+
What blood types can O+ receive from
O+, O-
What blood types can O+ donate to
AB+, A+, B+, O+
What blood type has no antigens present
O-
What blood type can O- receive from?
O-
What blood type can O- donate to
Universal donor