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A&P 2! > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

And endocrine gland secretes

A

Hormones

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2
Q

Hormones are secreted from endocrine glands into

A

The blood

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3
Q

Substances that are secreted by one group of cells that affects the physiology of another group of cells

A

Hormones

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4
Q

Compared to most other organs in the body, endocrine organs are

A

Well vascularized

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5
Q

Does the endocrine system have ducts

A

No

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6
Q

What system does the endocrine system work closely with

A

Nervous

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7
Q

Study of hormones and endocrine glands

A

Endocrinology

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8
Q

Why are hormones able to maintain homeostasis

A

Negative feedback

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9
Q

Major endocrine glands

A 
Hypothalamus
Pituitary
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Thymus
Adrenal
Pancreas
Ovaries
Testes
Pineal
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10
Q

Pure endocrine organs

A 
Pituitary
Pineal
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Adrenal
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11
Q

Organs containing endocrine cells

A

Pancreas
Thymus
Gonads
Hypothalamus

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12
Q

For a cell to be able to respond it must have

A

A functional hormone receptor

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13
Q

Synergistic hormones

A

ADH

Increase volume of fluid in body to raise blood pressure

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14
Q

Antagonists

A

ANP is released when blood pressure is high

Causes kidney to secrete more water so blood pressure decreases

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15
Q

Permissive hormones

A

You need one in order for the second to do its job

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16
Q

Ultimate goal of hormone action

A

Alter cell activity by altering protein activity in the target cell

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17
Q

The endocrine system is all the organs of the body that are

A

Endocrine glands

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18
Q

Cell with a functional receptor (protein) for the hormone

A

Target cell

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19
Q

What is a receptor

A

A protein made by the target cell

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20
Q

What three things could happen to hormones after being secreted

A

It could bind to its receptor causing a change
It could be destroyed by enzymes in the plasma
It could land in the kidneys and be filtered out before reaching its target

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21
Q

The endocrine system is controlled by

A

Pituitary and hypothalamus glands

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22
Q

Something in the blood is being monitored. When the level of that substance is too low it stimulates the release of the hormone

A

Humoral trigger

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23
Q

A neuron directly stimulates the gland to cause to cause secretion of the hormone

A

Neuronal trigger

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24
Q

One endocrine gland releases a hormone hat stimulates another endocrine glad to release its hormone

A

Hormonal trigger

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25
Q

Insulin
Glucagon
Parathyroid
Aldosterone

A

Humoral trigger

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26
Q

Oxytocin
ADH
Epinephrine

A

Neuronal trigger

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27
Q

One endocrine gland releases a hormone to stimulate another endocrine gland

A

Hormonal trigger

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28
Q

How is the response of the endocrine system different than the nervous system

A

Slower, longer lasting responses as hormones linger in the blood

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29
Q

Can cells respond to more than one hormone

A

If they have more than one receptor

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30
Q

Do all cells respond the same to the same hormone

A

No

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31
Q

Release of hormones occurs in

A

Short bursts

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32
Q

The hypothalamus and pituitary glands serve as links between

A

Endocrine and nervous systems

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33
Q

Hypothalamic cells synthesize

A 
Many releasing and inhibiting hormones
2 hormones (oxytocin and ADH) that are then stored and released from the posterior pituitary
34
Q

How many cells does the pituitary gland synthesize

A

7

35
Q

Pituitary is anterior or posterior

A

Anterior

36
Q

Regulate growth, development, metabolism and homeostasis

A

Hypothalamus and pituitary

37
Q

Where is the pituitary gland located

A

Inferior to the brain
A depression in the sphenoid bone
Attached at the to hypothalamus by stalk

38
Q

Two lobes of the pituitary gland

A

Anterior

Posterior

39
Q

Hypothalamus secretes what effecting the pituitary gland

A

Releasing hormones/inhibiting hormones➡️portal veins

These hormones regulate release of anterior pituitary hormones

40
Q

7 anterior pituitary hormones

A 
Human growth hormone
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
Follicle-stimulating hormone
Luteinizing hormone
Proclactin
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Melanocytes-stimulating hormone
41
Q

Promotes synthesis of insulin like growth factors

Secreted by the liver, cartilage, bone cells

A

HGH

42
Q

Regulators of HGH

A

Hypothalamic hormones

Blood glucose levels

43
Q

Stimulates protein synthesis
Maintain muscle and bone mass
Promotes healing of injuries and tissue repair

A

HGH

44
Q

Makes fuel for ATP available for growth
Causes fat breakdown and release of fatty acids into blood
Breaks down live glycogen and releases glucose into blood

A

HGH

45
Q

Stimulates the formation and secretion of thyroid hormones by thyroid gland

A

TSH

46
Q

TSH is regulated by

A

Negative feedback

47
Q

In females it started follicle development

A

FSH

48
Q

In females is stimulates formation of corpus luteum

A

LH

49
Q

In males this helps sperm production in testes

A

FSH

50
Q

In males this releases testosterone from the testes

A

LH

51
Q

Initiated and maintains milk production by mammary glands

A

PRL

52
Q

Linked with ED in males

A

PRL

53
Q

Controls production and secretion of glucocorticoids from adrenal cortex

A

ACTH

54
Q

Small amounts in the bloodstream

Excess amounts causes skin darkening

A

MSH

55
Q

Hormones made in the hypothalamus pass to the

A

Posterior pituitary

56
Q

What to hormones are released from the posterior pituitary

A

Oxytocin

ADH

57
Q

Smooths muscle contraction of uterus during childbirth
Causes letdown of milk from glands to ducts
Some sexual please during sex

A

Oxytocin

58
Q

Causes kidneys to retain water
Increases vasoconstriction and blood pressure
Increases dehydration, pain, stress lead to increased secretion

A

ADH

59
Q

The thyroid is located

A

Inferior to the larynx

60
Q

Follicular and para follicular cells

A

Thyroid gland

61
Q

Small round masses in posterior of thyroid gland

A

Parathyroid

62
Q

Increases blood calcium

A

PTH

63
Q

Where are the adrenal glands located

A

On top of the kidneys

64
Q

Adrenal cortex

A

Outer, middle, inner zones make steroids

65
Q

Produces epinephrine and norepinephrine

A

Adrenl medulla

66
Q

Aldosterone is the major form of

A

Mineralocorticoids

67
Q

Increases rate of protein breakdown

A

Glucocorticoid

68
Q

Simulates liver formation of glucose

A

Glucocorticoid

69
Q

Breaks down triglycerides in adipose

A

Glucocorticoid

70
Q

Anti inflammatory effects

A

Glucocorticoid

71
Q

Depresses immune system

A

Glucocorticoid

72
Q

Regulated by by negative feedback

A

Glucocorticoid

73
Q

Small amounts secreted from adrenal cortex in both females and males

A

Androgens

74
Q

At puberty in both genders this stimulates axillary and pubic hair growth
Contribute to adolescent growth spurt

A

Androgens

75
Q

In females this contributes to libido

Are converted to estrogens by other body tissues

A

Androgens

76
Q

Inner portion of adrenal glands

A

Adrenal medulla

77
Q

Part of sympathetic nervous system

A

Adrenal medulla

78
Q

Small gland attached to roof of third ventricle of brain

A

Pineal gland

79
Q

Produces melatonin

A

Pineal gland

80
Q

Sets body’s biological clock–move real eased I darkness and less in sunlight

A

Pineal gland

81
Q

When stress responses are successful t leads to

A

Extra physiological capacity and long term adaption

82
Q

Three stages of stress response

A

Initial flight or fight
resistance
Exhaustion

A&P 2! (4 decks)

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