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Bio 251 > Lab Practical 1 > Flashcards

Lab Practical 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Simple Squamous Epithelium

A

one layer of flattened cells

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2
Q

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

A

More than one layer of cells attached to basement membrane. i.e. epidermis

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3
Q

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

A

One layer, cube like cells

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4
Q

Simple Columnar Epithelium

A

Pillar shaped epithelial cells

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5
Q

Periosteum

A

Fibrous outer layer and cellular inner layer that lines bones

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6
Q

Diaphysis

A

Long part of bone

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7
Q

Epiphysis

A

Two ends of long bones

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8
Q

Epiphyseal Plate

A

Actively growing regions near the ends of long bones

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9
Q

Articular Cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage that covers the ends of long bones (articulating surfaces)

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10
Q

Meniscus

A

Padlike cartilage in knee joint

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11
Q

Joint Cavity

A

The space between bone that is encapsulated by synovial membrane and articular cartilage

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12
Q

Synovial Fluid

A

Fluid inside of synovial joints that assists with lubrication, nutrient distribution, and shock absorbtion

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13
Q

What are the three types of joints? (structural classification)

A

Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial

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14
Q

Types of fibrous joints?

A

sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses

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15
Q

Define sutures

A

Joints in between bones of skull, fibrous tissue ossifies in adults creating synostoses

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16
Q

Define syndesmoses

A

Junction of bones held together by ligaments ex. tibia/fibula, radius/ulna

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17
Q

Define gomphoses

A

Tooth attached to socket with periodontal ligament

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18
Q

Types of cartilaginous joints?

A

Synchondroses and Symphyses

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19
Q

Define synchondroses

A

cartilaginous joints between the shafts and the epiphyseal plates of growing long bones

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20
Q

Define symphyses

A

Pads of fibrous cartilage cushions joint ex. pubic symphysis, intervertebral joints

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21
Q

What are synovial joints?

A

Articulating bones separated by a fluid-filled cavity. Most joints are this way

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22
Q

Shape categories of synovial joints

A

Plane, condylar, ball-and-socket, hinge, saddle, pivot

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23
Q

Functional classifications of joints

A

Synarthroses, Amphiarthroses, Diarthroses

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24
Q

Define synarthroses

A

Immovable Joints

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25
Q

Define amphiarthroses

A

Slightly movable joints

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26
Q

Define diathroses

A

Freely movable joints

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27
Q

Functional classification of most synovial joints?

A

Diarthroses

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28
Q

Temporomandibular joint

A

Temporal and Mandible

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29
Q

Sternoclavicular joint

A

Sternum and Clavicle

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30
Q

Humeroscapular/ Glenohumeral joint

A

Humerus and Scapula

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31
Q

Elbow Joint

A

Ulna and Humerus

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32
Q

Metacarpophalanges joint

A

Metacarpals and Phalanges

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33
Q

Interphalangeal joint

A

Phalanges and Phalanges

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34
Q

Coxal Joint

A

Femur and Os coxa

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35
Q

TIbiofemoral joint

A

Tibia and Femur

36
Q

Talocrural joint

A

Talus, Fibula, and Tibia

37
Q

Flexion

A

Decreases angle between articulating bones in the anterior/posterior plane

38
Q

Extention

A

Increases angle between articulating bones in the anterior/posterior plane

39
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Flexion at ankle

40
Q

Plantar flexion

A

Extension at ankle

41
Q

Hyperextention

A

Extension past anatomical position

42
Q

Abduction

A

Movement away from the longitudinal axis

43
Q

Adduction

A

Movement towards the longitudinal axis

44
Q

Pronation

A

Results in palm facing posteriorly, radius and ulna

45
Q

Supination

A

Results in palm facing anteriorly, forearm is supinated in anatomical position

46
Q

Circumduction

A

A complete circular movement without rotation

47
Q

Protraction

A

Anterior movement in the horizontal plane (forward)

48
Q

Retraction

A

Pulling back

49
Q

Condyle

A

A large, rounded, articulating knob

50
Q

Facet

A

A flattened or shallow articulating surface (the costal facet of a thoracic vertebra)

50
Q

Head

A

A prominent, rounded, articulating end of a bone (the head of the femur)

51
Q

Crest

A

A narrow, ridgelike projection (the iliac crest of the os coxa)

52
Q

Epicondyle

A

A projection above a condyle (the medial epicondyle of the femur)

53
Q

Process

A

Any marked, bony prominence (the mastoid process of the temporal bone)

54
Q

Spine

A

A sharp, slender process (Spine of the scapula)

55
Q

Trochanter

A

A massive process found only in the femur

56
Q

Tubercle

A

A small rounded process

57
Q

Tuberosity

A

A large, roughed process (radial tuberosity of the radius)

58
Q

Alveolus

A

A deep pit or socket (teeth)

59
Q

Fissure

A

A narrow, slit-like opening (the superior orbital fissure of the sphenoid bone)

60
Q

Foramen

A

A rounded opening through the bone

61
Q

Fossa

A

A flattened or shallow surface

62
Q

Meatus/Canal

A

A tube-like passageway through a bone

63
Q

Sinus

A

A cavity or hollow space in a bone

64
Q

Sulcus

A

A groove that accommodates a vessel, nerve, or tendon

65
Q

Diffusion

A

Movement of material across cell membrane

66
Q

Active transport

A

Requires E, goes against gradient

67
Q

Endocytosis

A

Intake of materials

68
Q

Exocytosis

A

Removal of materials

69
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

Requires carries due to size

70
Q

Passive diffusion

A

No E

71
Q

Free energy

A

Capacity of a system to do work

72
Q

Entropy

A

Disorder

73
Q

Osmosis

A

Diffusion of water through selectively permeable membrane

74
Q

Solutions

A

Liquid mixture of solute and solvent

75
Q

Isosmotic

A

No net movement of water

76
Q

Hypoosmotic

A

Solution with lower solute concentration, higher water conc.

77
Q

Hyperosmotic

A

Solute with higher solute conc, lower water conc.

78
Q

Osmotic Pressure

A

Measure of the force necessary to resist osmosis of pure water in a solution

79
Q

Colligative property

A

Dependent on only the number of particles present, not their type

80
Q

Carrier protein

A

Inside of membrane, used for active transport

81
Q

How to calculate percent solution

A

(Mass of solute / Mass of solution)* 100

82
Q

How to calculate molar concentration

A

Molar Conc = Moles of solute/ L of solution

83
Q

How to calculate moles of solution

A

Mass of solute / Molar mass of solute

84
Q

Effect of temperature on diffusion rate

A

Particles at higher temp have more kinetic E so they diffuse faster

Bio 251 (5 decks)

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