[LAB] Observation of Microbial Ecosystem and Diversity Flashcards
The _________is one of 18 mega-biodiverse countries of the world, containing two-thirds of the earth’s biodiversity and between 70% and 80% of the world’s plant and animal species.
Philippines
The Philippines is one of ___________ mega-biodiverse countries of the world, containing two-thirds of the earth’s biodiversity and between 70% and 80% of the world’s plant and animal species.
18
The Philippines is one of 18 mega-biodiverse countries of the world, containing two-thirds of the earth’s biodiversity and between _____% and ___% of the world’s plant and animal species.
70
80
___________ is very high, covering at least 25 genera of plants and 49% of terrestrial wildlife
Species endemism
Species endemism is very high, covering at least __ genera of plants and ____ of terrestrial wildlife
25
49%
Aside from breathtaking natural attractions, the ______
is also a host to numerous unique species of plants and
Philippine wildlife.
Philippines
Houses an estimated total of ______ described species
53,000
_______ plant species and ________ animal species.
15,000
38,000
More than half of these are endemic and hence, cannot be found anywhere else in the world.
Source: Biodiversity Management Bureau
Although considered to be a mega – diversity country, the Philippines is also considered as one of the world’s _______________ around the world that have lost at least 70 percent of their original habitat and with at least 700 threatened species most of which are caused by human.
biodiversity hotspots
all the different kinds of life you’ll find in one area—the variety of animals, plants, fungi, and even microorganisms like bacteria that make up our natural world.
BIODIVERSITY
a simulated or man-made environment that mimics the structure and function of a natural ecosystem. It can include a variety of living and non-living components.
Artificial Ecosystem
The goal of creating an artificial ecosystem is to _____ and _______
the complex interactions and feedback loops that occur in natural ecosystems, with the purpose of understanding and controlling ecological processes, or for example, to design sustainable systems for human society.
understand
replicate
composed of dry hay or grass to which has been added pond water.
A hay, or “dry” infusion culture
it contains are generally those which are able to assume a form resistant to drying.
The living organisms
a simple and interesting ecological experiment that involves placing hay or other organic matter in water and allowing it to decompose over time. This creates a nutrient-rich environment that can be observed for various microbial, protist, and invertebrate life.
A hay infusion
You can observe a wide variety of microorganisms, including bacteria, algae, fungi, and protozoa, under a microscope.
Microbial Diversity
Over time, you can observe changes in the microbial community as different species of microorganisms thrive, compete, and decline. This can provide insights into ecological succession.
- Microbial Succession
You can observe their movement, feeding behaviors, and reproduction under a microscope.
- Protozoa and Paramecia
which move using tiny hair-like structures called cilia, and flagellates, which have whip-like flagella, can also be found in hay infusions.
Ciliates and Flagellates
Ciliates and Flagellates: Ciliates, which move using tiny hair-like structures called ______ , and ______, which have whip-like flagella, can also be found in hay infusions.
cilia
flagellates
the most wellknown culturing technique.
hay infusion
an excellent way to provide microbes at a high density during any time of the year.
A hay infusion
This process allows you to follow the development of microbes as they become visible over time
Hay infusion as culturing technique
What is the importance of pond water in hay infusion?
If such single-celled organisms are to be propagated, then the water in the infusion must come from a ______ or an _______ .
pond
aquarium
What is the importance of pond water in hay infusion?
With tap water or distilled water, it is not possible to reproduce _______in a hay infusion.
Paramecium
What is the importance of pond water in hay infusion?
They are very common in _____, on aquatic plants or in the filter of the aquarium.
mud
contained an abundance of different types of protists including flagellates, amoebae, and fungi. The majority of the diversity was found in the Family Ciliophora.
hay infusion
The ciliated protozoa are a distinct group
of protists characterized by:
(1) the presence of cilia
(2) nuclear dimorphism- 2 different nuclei
(3) conjugation as a sexual process
Ciliophora
- “first animal”
- exhibits some characteristics typical of animal life
- because they often possess animal-like behaviors, such
as motility and predation, and lack a cell wall
PROTOZOA
- unicellular
- change shape as they move along surfaces
Morphology
- no cell wall
- Pellicle – for protection
Morphology
highly specialized organelles for feeding, reproduction, and locomotion
Morphology
Pseudopods
“false feet”
- Lack chlorophyll
- Heterotrophic
- Cytostome
- Food vacuoles (gullet)
Morphology
Predominant habitats
▪ Fresh and marine water
▪ Soil
▪ Plants
▪ Animals
Some are part of the normal microbiota, some live as
obligate parasites in animals/ humans.
Habitat
Reproduction
Asexual
– budding or schizogony
- Soil fertility
- Principal consumer of bacteria
- foods for aquatic animals
Protozoa
Entamoeba histolytica - Amoebiasis
GIT infection
Trichomonas vaginalis - Trichomoniasis
Genital infection
- GIT infection - Entamoeba histolytica - Amoebiasis
- Genital infection - Trichomonas vaginalis - Trichomoniasis
- Blood infection
Pathogenicity
Babesia
Babesiosis
Plasmodium falciparum
Malaria
The diversity of free-living protozoa may be classified into broad morphological–functional groups: _______ , _________, and _______.
ameboid
flagellated
ciliated protozoa
They are incredibly diverse in terms of _______ and _______, which has enabled them to colonize a wide range of moist environments, including marine, freshwater and extreme habitats
physiology
lifestyle
Many species have evolved specialized anatomical structures for _____, ________and _______of genetic material.
feeding
motility
exchange
