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Pharmacology > Lab Normals > Flashcards

Lab Normals Flashcards

Learn the normal lab values

1
Q

Normal WBC count

A

4.0 - 10.5 x10^3/ul

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2
Q

Normal lymphocyte pecentage

A

14 - 46%

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3
Q

normal neutrophil percentage

A

40 - 74%

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4
Q

normal absolute lymphocytes

A

0.7 - 4.5 x10^3/uL

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5
Q

normal absolute neutrophils

A

1.8 - 7.8 x10^3/uL (1500 - 8000)

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6
Q

normal monocyte percentage

A

4 - 13%

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7
Q

normal eosinophil percentage

A

0 - 7%

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8
Q

normal basophil percentage

A

0 - 3%

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9
Q

What does erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) measure?

A

a measure of inflammation, how quickly the RBCs settle to the bottom of a test tube

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10
Q

What is the dx of increased WBC?

A

leukocytosis

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11
Q

What is the dx of decreased WBC?

A

leukopenia

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12
Q

normal absolute eosinophils?

A

0 - 600

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13
Q

normal absolute basophils?

A

0 - 200

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14
Q

normal absolute monocytes?

A

0 - 800

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15
Q

normal absolute lymphocytes?

A

1000 - 4500

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16
Q

Describe a neutrophil’s appearance

A

multilobed, purple nucleus, light purple granulomas, pink plasma

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17
Q

Describe an eosinophil’s appearance

A

bilobar nucleus, red granulocytes, red plasma

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18
Q

Describe a basophil’s appearance?

A

unilobar, large purple granulomas that take up most of the cell, purple plasma

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19
Q

Describe a monocyte’s appearance

A

Large purple nucleus sometimes horseshoe shaped, fine granules, blue/gray/purple cytoplasm

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20
Q

Describe a lymphocyte’s appearance

A

Large purple nucleus takes up circumference of cell, small cell the size of a RBC, no granules

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21
Q

Which cells are considered phagocytes? (4)

A

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes

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22
Q

What are potential causes of lymphocytosis?

A

infection, leukemia, lymphoma

23
Q

What are potential causes of lymphocytopenia?

A

acquired or inherited immunodeficiency, chemo or radiation induced destruction of lymphocytes

24
Q

Locations of adult red bone marrow (6)

A

pelvic bone, ribs, proximal portion of the humerus/femur, cranium, vertebra, sternum

25
Q

Where are RBC made? (2)

A

red bone marrow (active)

yellow bone marrow (inactive)

26
Q
A
27
Q

Function of neutrophils? (3 major)

A
  1. chief phagocytes of acute inflammation
  2. first to arrive on the scene within 30 min
  3. most numerous WBC
28
Q

What are immature neutrophils called?

A

bands (there are few in peripheral blood)

29
Q

What are mature neutrophils called?

A

segmented “segs” (47 - 63% of neutrophils)

30
Q

What causes increase in neutrophils?

A

acute bacterial infections (increase in bands in peripheral circulation), stress, trauma

31
Q

What causes neutropenia?

A

cancer, organ transplant

32
Q

What is considered neutropenia?

A

low absolute neutrophil count less than 1000/mm^3

33
Q

Types of T-cells (4)

A

supressor, cytotoxic, helper, regulatory

34
Q

What are B lymphocytes?

A

the primary cells of the ummune response and create specific immunity

35
Q

2 Characteristics of monocytes?

A

potent phagocyte, synthesize and scretes cytokines

36
Q

what does a low monocyte count usually indicate?

A

malignancy, acute and chronic monocytic leukemia

37
Q

what does a high monocyte count indicate?

A

acute bacterial infections and TB

38
Q

When are basophils elevated?

A

hypersensitivity or inflammatory reactions, parasitic infections, hypothyroidism, ulcerative colitis, varicella

39
Q

what is the importance of granules?

A

they contain powerful enzymes to kill microorganisms and phagocitic debris

40
Q

When do eosinophil levels rise?

A

allergic reactions, parasitic infections, asthma, drug reactions, severe poison ivy

“worms, wheezes and weird diseases”

41
Q

General pathology of leukemia

A

nonfunctional cancerous WBC proliferate and increase in concentration, proliferate as immature leukocytes and crowds out the mature blood cells

42
Q

Clinical manifestations of leukemia (9)

A

pallor, fatigue, SOA, weight loss, fever/chills, bone pain, lymphadenopathy, spleenomegaly, bruising (petechia, ecchymoses)

43
Q

What is ecchymoses?

A

bruising greater than 1 cm

44
Q

Diagnostic tests for leukemia (2)

A

CBC with diff, bone marrow aspiration

45
Q

What do you expect to see on a CBC in a person with leukemia?

A

anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia

46
Q

characteristics of Hodgkins Lymphoma

A

painless, progressive rubbery enlargement of a single or group of nodes (neck, chest, underarms)

47
Q

When is the normal onset of hodgkins lymphoma

A

20-34 yo, 70-79yo

48
Q

What is found on the test to diagnose hodgkins lymphoma?

A

“reed sternberg cells”
with a lymph node biopsy

(large B lymphocytes with more than 1 nucleus)

49
Q

Manifestations of non-hodgkins lymphoma

A

painless, superficial lymphadenopathy, night sweats, frequent infections

50
Q

What cells does non-hodgkins lymphoma affect?

A

t or b lymphocytes, can arise in lymph nodes or other organs

51
Q

Clinical manifestations of multiple myeloma

A

none initially, bone pain, anemia, frequent infections, bleeding

52
Q

Pathology of multiple myelomas?

A

plasma cells that are derived from B lymphocytes produce abnormal antibodies and make the blood thick and can damage the kidneys, the plasma crowds out normal cells

53
Q
A

Pharmacology (5 decks)

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