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Hema 2 > Lab | Midterms > Flashcards

Lab | Midterms Flashcards

1
Q

Tube that is graduated to 5ml and is used in CRV, McFarlane method

A

Conical centrifuge tube

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2
Q

Tightening of the fibrin clot

A

Clot retraction

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3
Q

Terms applied to shrinkage of the blood clot

A

Syneresis

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4
Q

The separation of the blood clot from the wall of the test tube is normally observed after _____ and is complete after ____ at which time the clot is approximately 50% of the original blood volume.

A

Observed after 1hr ; Complete after 2hrs

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5
Q

When whole blood is allowed to cloth spontaneously, the _______ is composed of all elements of blood.

A

Initial coagulum

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6
Q

FaceTime call Ma coagulum reduces in mass and fluid serum expressed from the clock. This is due to the

A

Action of platelets on the fibrin network

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7
Q

What does duction time measures?

A
  • fibrin formed and its
  • contraction once formed, and the
  • number of platelets (since PLT has a similar protein to actimyosin that causes clot formation)
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8
Q

Clot retraction is directly proportional to the number of platelets and inversely proportional to the hematocrit and fibrinogen levels. T/F

A

True

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9
Q

When fibrolysis is very active, the fibrin may be dissolved, almost as quickly as it is formed, and clock production will be impaired. T/F

A

True

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10
Q

Specimen for clot retraction time

A

Freshly drawn venous blood

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11
Q

In the clot retraction test, the clot is allowed to cling on a _____ and incubated at _____ for ____?

A

Coiled wire ; 37 degrees celsius ; 1hr

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12
Q

Amount of blood used in clot retraction test

A

5mL venous blood

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13
Q

In clot retraction test, after incubation allow attached clot to drain for ______

A

2mins

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14
Q

Reference range of clot retraction test

A

44-67%

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15
Q

Formula for computing clot retraction

A

Clot Retraction (CR%) = Height of serum (S) / Height of whole blood (T) x 100

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16
Q

Corrected CR% formula

A

Corrected CR% = CR% X 100 / (100-Hct)

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17
Q

Normal clock is soft, pliable, and easily crushed. While a defective cloth is firm, difficult to break up with blundt instruments, and difficult to flatten out.

T/F

A

False.

Normal clot - firm, difficult to break up w/ blundt instruments, and difficult to flatten out

Defective clot - soft, pliable, and easily crushed

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18
Q

In ________, a coagulum is formed in the normal time, but it does not retract.

A

Thrombocytopenic purpura

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19
Q

In ______, the coagulum forms, very slowly, but once the clot is form, it retracts normally.

A

Hemophilia

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20
Q

In case of ______ in which serum volume is abnormally high, CR% it’s corrected by the Corrected CR% formula (CR% X 100 / (100-Hct))

A

Anemia

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21
Q

Clotting time obtained when an excess of thromboplastin and optimum calcium are added to oxalated plasma under standardized conditions

A

Prothrombin time

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22
Q

Solution/reagent used in P.T. which composed of thromboplastin and calcium chloride.

A

Simplastin

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23
Q

A tissue extract which is a component of simplastin

A

Thromboplastin

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24
Q

Things to do in performing coagulation testing.

A
  • Non-traumatic blood collection
  • Follow the order of draw
  • Always check for the presence of clots
  • Use only plastic tube or silicone-coated glass tubed
  • Observe the blood to AC ratio
  • Specimen should be centrifuged within 1hr
  • Required temperature: 37C
    1. Factor V & VIII breaks at >37C or RT
    2. Factors VII & XI activates in cold temps
25
Q

Detects coagulation factor deficiency in the Extrinsic and Common pathways

A

Prothrombin time

26
Q

Normal value of prothrombin time

A

10-13 secs

27
Q

Specimen used in P.T.

A

Citrated blood
(Heavy spin, centrifuge for 10mins to yield Platelet poor plasma [PPP])

28
Q

Reagent used in P.T.

A

PT reagent (thromboplastin, calcium chloride, and phospholipids)

29
Q

Standardized way or reporting PT

A

International Normalized Ratio (INR)

30
Q

Used due to variations of thromboplastin reagents

A

INR

31
Q

Introduced to minimize the difference in PT results due to different reagent-instrument combinations

A

INR

32
Q

INR formula

A

INR = (PT test / PT normal) ^ISI

INR = international normalized ratio
PT test = tested prothrombin time
PT normal = normal prothrombin time
ISI = international sensitivity index

33
Q

Detects coagulation factor deficiency in Intrinsic and Common pathway

A

Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT)

34
Q

It is the time required to generate thrombin and fibrin polymers in intrinsic pathway

A

APTT

35
Q

Normal value of APTT

A

35-45 secs

36
Q

Reagent used in APTT

A

Thromboplastin, Activator (Kaolin, Celite, Ellagic acid), Calcium, Phospholipids

37
Q

Measures the availability of functional fibrinogen

A

Thrombin time

38
Q

Determines the rate of thrombin-induced cleavage of fibringen to fibrin monomers

A

Thrombin time

39
Q

Reagent used in Thrombin Time

A

Thrombin reagent and Calcium chloride

40
Q

Normal value of Thrombin Time

A

15-18 secs

41
Q

In Thrombin time,
- Instrument:
- Amount of specimen to be added:
- Incubated at:

A
  • In a plastic tube or siliconized glassware
  • Add around 0.2mL plasma
  • Warm in water bath at 37C

Then mix the reagent, and start stopwatch

42
Q

Thrombin time is prolonged in: (5)

A
  • Fibrinogen deficiency
  • Presence of Fibrin degradation products
  • Presence of Thrombolytic agent
  • Presence of Heparin
  • Presence of Heptokinase
43
Q

Used for Factor Xlll deficiency

A

Ducker’s Test (5M Urea Solubility Test)

44
Q

The prothrombin time is essentially a test for the formation of extrinsic thromboplastin which in turn leads to the formation of the fibrin clot.
T/F

A

True

45
Q

What are those that do not enter into the formation of extrinsic thromboplastin?

A

Factors VIII, IX, & XII and Platelets

46
Q

The prothrombin time is the time needed for plasma to clot after adding

A

Calcium and Tissue factor (brain or brain-lung extract)

47
Q

The complex formed between plasma Factor VII and tissue factor directly activates

A

Factor X

48
Q

Most widely used measurement for monitoring patients on coumarin therapy

A

Prothrombin time

49
Q

Specimen used in Prothrombin time

A

Fresh citrated human plasma

50
Q

Reagent used in Ducker’s test

A

5M Urea (or 1% monochloroacetic acid, 2% acetic acid)

51
Q

Steps in ducker’s test

A
  1. 0.2mL of Calcium Chloride is added to 0.2mL PPP
  2. Incubate at 37C for 30 mins
  3. Transfer clot in another tube w/ 5mL TM Urea
  4. Observe for dissolving clot in 1, 2, 3, and 24hrs
52
Q

Ducker’s Test,
- Normal result =
- Abnormal result =

A
  • Normal result = Clot is INSOLUBLE to Urea
  • Abnormal result = Clot is SOLUBLE to Urea
53
Q

Why is it that Calcium chloride is needed in prothrombin time test?

A

To replace the calcium chloride in the citrated-drawn blood.

Chatgpt: To ensure that the coagulation cascade is initiated properly and to measure the time it takes for blood to clot through the extrinsic pathway

54
Q

Why is it that platelet poor plasma (PPP) is always used in PT and APTT procedure?

A

Because platelets do not into the formation of extrinsic thromboplastin.

ChatGPT: To ensure accurate and consistent measurements of the coagulation factors relevant to these tests. It eliminates the influence of platelets, which are not directly involved in the coagulation pathways being assessed.

55
Q

Target ISI value of QuikCoag PT-HS

A

0.90 to 1.50

56
Q

Is used to perform the one stage prothrombin time test as a fundamental screening test for acquired or inherited bleeding disorders

A

Quick-Coag PT-HS reagent

57
Q

The QuikCoag PT-HS reagent is for

A

In vitro diagnostic use

58
Q

The QuikCoag PT-HS reagent is used for the determination of the activity of coagulation factors ___ in human plasma

A

II, V, VII, and X

Hema 2 (3 decks)

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