Lab Haematology

Question 1

3 types of granulocytes

Answer 1

neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils

Question 2

3 types of agranulocytes

Answer 2

lymphocytes

monocytes

Question 3

white cell, increased in bacterial infections and steroid use

Answer 3

neutrophil

Question 4

White cell, increased in parasitic infections and allergies

Answer 4

eosinophils

Question 5

white cell, increased in allergic reaction

Answer 5

basophils

Question 6

white cell increased in viral infections

Answer 6

lymphocytes

Question 7

white cell increased in atypical infections/cancers

Answer 7

monocytes

Question 8

what is anaemia

Answer 8

lack of iron in blood so lack of haemoglobin, blood lack oxygen

Question 9

how do developing red cells in bone marrow differ from mature rbcs in blood

Answer 9

red cells in bone marrow have a nucleus

Question 10

what do RBCs need for maturation

Answer 10

B2 and folate

Question 11

low iron/Hb is a sign of..

Answer 11

anaemia

Question 12

how is the appearance (morphology) of cells assessed

Answer 12

blood film

Question 13

what does MVC mean

Answer 13

mean cell volume

Question 14

what is MVC used to assess

Answer 14

anaemia cause

Question 15

microcytic (smaller cells) red blood cells indicates?

Answer 15

iron deficiency (chronic blood loss) anaemia

Question 16

macrocytic (Larger RBCs) indicates

Answer 16

B12/folate deficiency

alcohol excess, liver disease, hypothyroidism

Question 17

what does normocytic (normal sized RBCs) indicate

Answer 17

acute blood loss

anaemic of chronic disease : inflammation/infection

Question 18

anaemic of chronic diseased is caused by what changes

Answer 18

developing cells iron supply
Proliferation of erythoid cells
Production of erythropoietin
RBC life span

Question 19

what white cell is kidney bean shaped

Answer 19

monocyte

Question 20

what white cell is a polymorph (multi-nucleated)

Answer 20

neutrophil

Question 21

what white cells are highly granulated (Pink appearance)

Answer 21

eosinophil

Question 22

what white cells have a large nucleus and are spherical

Answer 22

lymphocyte

Question 23

white cell with large nucelus

Answer 23

basophil

Question 24

high platelet number indicates

Answer 24

blood loss
inflammation
malignanies

Question 25

low platelet number indicates

Answer 25

liver disease
(autoimmune/fibrin clot)
trapping (enlarged spleen)

Question 26

what is primary haemostasis

Answer 26

formation of platelet plug

Question 27

what is secondary haemostasis

Answer 27

formation of fibrin clot

Question 28

how is secondary haemostasis measured

Answer 28

Time for coagulation factors to become active and convert soluble fibrinogen and insoluble fibrin in a tube

Question 29

when does fibrinolysis increase

Answer 29

thrombosis, inflammation, malignancy, heart failure

Question 30

what is measured in fibrinolysis

Answer 30

d-dimers (fibrin degradation product)

Question 31

what can only be used to measure coagulation proteins

Answer 31

coagulant factors (not serum)

Question 32

when are clotting tests prolongued

Answer 32

in absence of clotting factor deficiency

Question 33

what patients have high haemoglobin

Answer 33

Chronic resp disease eg. COPD to combat low O2

Question 34

how anticoagulant defences measured

Answer 34

Coagulation screen measures time to form fibrin clot along different coagulation pathways in vitro
• PT = prothrombin time
• aPTT = activated partial thromboplastin time

Question 35

what people have coagulation deficiency

Answer 35

liver disease, disseminated intravascular coagulation