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RESPIRATORY > Acid-Base Balance > Flashcards

Acid-Base Balance Flashcards

1
Q

What factors affect alveolar ventilation

A

Neuromuscular chain defects

Pulmonary disease: airway obstruction, alveolar filling, atelectasis, perfusion blockage, loss of lung parenchyma

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2
Q

what is body pH

A

7.4

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3
Q

What do the kidneys produce to maintain balance

A

bicarbonate

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4
Q

What is respiratory acidosis/alkalosis caused by

A

PCO2

HCO3 = normal

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5
Q

What is metabolic acidosis/alkalosis caused by

A

HCO3

PCO2 = normal

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6
Q

Characteristics of resp acidosis

A

PCO2 high

HCO3 normal

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7
Q

Characteristics of resp alkalosis

A

PCO2 very low

HCO3 normal

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8
Q

Characteristics of metabolic acidosis

A

HCO3 low

PCO2 normal

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9
Q

Characteristics of metabolic alkalosis

A

HCO3 high

PCO2 normal

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10
Q

another word for respiratory acidosis

A

hypercapnia acidosis

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11
Q

What is respiratory acidosis caused by

A

alveolar hypoventilation

acute airway obstruction with under ventilation

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12
Q

what causes respiratory acidosis

A 
late acute asthma 
acute COPD
Opiate overdose
stroke
neuropathy 
myopathy
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13
Q

what are the conditions of compensated respiratory acidosis

A

HCO3 high
PCO2 very high
pH low

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14
Q

what are the condition of uncompensated respiratory acidosis

A

HCO3 normal
PCO2 high
pH very low

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15
Q

another name for respiratory alkalosis

A

hypocapnic alkalosis

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16
Q

respiratory alkalosis is alveolar hypoventiltion/hyperventilation due to …

A

hyperventilation

early acute asthma with over venitlation

17
Q

causes of respiratory alkalosis

A

pulmonary embolus, pneumonia, pulmonary oedema

anxiety

18
Q

compensated respiratory alkalosis: PCO2 is low/high, HCO3 is low/high/normal, pH is low/high/normal

A

pCO2 low
HCO3 low
pH normal (slightly high)

19
Q

compensated respiratory alkalosis: PCO2 is low/high, HCO3 low/high/normal, pH is low/high/normal

A

PCO2 very low
HCO3 normal
pH very high

20
Q

another name for metabolic acidosis

A

hypobicarbonatemic acidosis

21
Q

what is metabolic acidosis characterised by

A

excess H ions (low HCO3)

22
Q

causes of metabolic acidosis

A

Diabetic ketoacidosis
Acute renal failure
Circulatory Shock - Septic, Cardiogenic, Hypovolemic

23
Q

Metabolic acidosis with respiratory compensation HCO3 is low/high, PCO2 low/high/normal and pH is low/high/normal

A 
HCO3 = low 
PCO2 = lower than normal
pH = normal (slightly low)
24
Q

uncompensated Metabolic acidosis: HCO3 is low/high, PCO2 low/high/normal and pH is low/high/normal

A 
HCO3 = very low
PCO2 = normal
pH = very low
25
Q

another name for metabolic alkalosis

A

hyperbicarbonatemic alkalosis

26
Q

what is metabolic alkalosis characterised by

A

excess HCO3 ions

27
Q

what is metabolic alkalosis caused by

A

Loss of gastric fluid: vomiting
Diuretics- K+ loss: excess renal HCO3 reabsorption
Post hypercapnic mechanical ventilation

28
Q

compensated metabolic alkalosis: HCO3 is low/high/normal, PCO2 is low/high/normal and pH is low/high/normal

A 
HCO3 = high
PCO2 = high
pH = normal (slightly high)
29
Q

uncompensated metabolic alkalosis: HCO3 is low/high/normal, PCO2 is low/high/normal and pH is low/high/normal

A 
HCO3 = very high
PCO2 = normal
pH = high
30
Q

what varies in respiratory acidosis/alkalosis

A

PCO2

31
Q

what varies in metabolic acidosis/alkalosis

A

HCO3

32
Q

pH < 7.4 suggests

A

acidosis

33
Q

PCO2 > 40 mmHg suggests

A

respiratory acidosis

34
Q

HCO3 < 24 mmol/l suggests

A

metabolic acidosis

35
Q

pH > 7.4 suggests

A

alkalosis

36
Q

PCO2 < 40 mmHg suggests

A

respiratory alkalosis

37
Q

HCO3 > 24 mmol/l suggests

A

metabolic alkalosis

38
Q

Characteristics of type 1 respiratory failure

A

decreased PaO2
decreased PaCO2
alveolar hyperventilation

39
Q

characteristics of type 2 respiratory failure

A

decreased PaO2
increased PaCO2
alveolar hypoventilation

RESPIRATORY (12 decks)

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