Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Fundamentals > Lab Glossary > Flashcards

Lab Glossary Flashcards

1
Q

Agenesis

A

Complete absence of an organ or its anlage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Anthracosis

A

Accumulation of carbon pigment (dust) in tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Apoptosis

A

A form of cell death which is endogenously controlled or “programmed” in order to obviate the host inflammatory reaction to the necrotic cell.

  • Activation of Caspases
  • Results in tissue regression
  • Death of single or group of cells (apoptotic bodies)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Accumulation of fat and connective tissue within the wall of arteries, often causing progressive narrowing of the lumen and decreased blood flow to tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Atrophy

A

Shrinkage in the size of the cell by loss of cell substance. The term is also used for a reduction in size of an organ due to loss of cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Autolysis

A

“Self-destruction” of normal tissue after death, produced by release of lysosomal or digestive enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Caseous necrosis

A

Conversion of necrotic cells to an amorphous mass grossly resembling cheese. Histologically, appearance is as amorphous granular debris composed of fragmented coagulated cells (Think granulomas)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Liver disease characterized pathologically by loss of normal microscopic lobular architectured with fibrosis and nodular regeneration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Coagulative Necrosis

A

Conversion of the cell to an acidophilic, opaque structure with preservation of the basic cellular shape and outline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cushing’s Syndrome

A

A constellation of clinical findings caused by excessive blood levels of adrenal corticosteroid hormones due to a tumor of the pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Denervation

A

Disruption of normal neural supply, due to traumatic or degenerative damage to the peripheral nerve or central nervous system motor neurons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Diabetes mellitus

A

A disorder of carbohydrate metabolism, caused by relative or absolute deficiency of insulin and associated with damage to many organs and accelerated atherosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Systrophic calcification

A

Deposition of calcium (and phosphate) in abnormal, damaged, or necrotic tissues. Serum levels of calcium and phosphate normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Edema

A

Abnormal accumulation of fluid witin the interstitium of an organ, tissue or body cavity. This often leads to an increase in tissue or organ volume and weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Enzymatic fat necrosis

A

Caused by escape of pancreatic lipase into fat tissue. Released fatty acids combine with calcium to create calcium soaps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Eosinophilic

A

Areas of a cell or tissue that stain with eosin, a rose-colored dye. This dye usually stains the cytoplasm of a cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Fatty change

A

A reversible accumulation of fat within parenchymal cells, usually liver (fat vacuoles within cells).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ferritin

A

An iron-protein complex. Chief form of intracellular iron storage present in many types of cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Fibrinoid necrosis

A

Conversion of necrotic tissue to an amorphous, fibrillar eosinophilic mass that resembles fibrin (think hairy heart/bread and butter)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Gangrenous necrosis

A

Not a specific form of necrosis. Term used clinically to describe necrosis of tissue in an extremity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

“Dry” Gangrene

A

Tissue appears black grossly; not accompanied by putrefaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

“Wet” Gangrene

A

Necrotic tissue secondarily invaded by bacteria, resulting in liquefactive necrosis (putrefaction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Hematoxyphilic

A

Areas of a cell or tissue that stain with hematoxylin, a blue-purple crystalline stain. This stain usually stains the nucleus of a cell or leaked DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Hemochromatosis

A

A genetic disease resulting in excess accumulation of parenchymal cell iron due to increased iron adsorption in the gastrointestinal tract. This is associated with damage of multiple tissues or organs, especially the liver and endocrine glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Hemorrhage

A

Leakage of blood from a blood vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Hemosiderin

A

Aggregates of denatured ferritin, found only in reticuloendothelial cells under normal conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Hemosiderosis

A

Accumulation of iron in tissue parenchyma or macrophages often secondary to multiple blood transfusions, local bleeding, or congestion. This accumulation does not usually cause tissue damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Hyaline Change

A

Denatured proteins that appear homogenous and pink in H&E stained tissue sections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Hyperplasia

A

An increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue

30
Q

Hypertrophy

A

An increase in the size of cells in an organ or tissue

31
Q

Hypoplasia

A

Incomplete development or underdevelopment of an organ or tissue

32
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Critical decrease in oxygenation of the blood

33
Q

Infarct

A

A localized area of tissue necrosis, caused by interruption to blood supply

34
Q

Ischemia

A

Deficiency of blood supply to a tissue or organ usually due to functional constriction or anatomic obstruction of a blood vessel

35
Q

Karyolysis

A

Dissolution of the nucleus as the result of the hydrolytic action of DNAse

36
Q

Karyorrhexis

A

Dissolution of the nucleus characterized by its breaking up into small basophilic clumps.

37
Q

Lipofuscin

A

A dust-like golden brown pigment formed by lipid-protein complexis which represents fatty breakdown products of cells resulting from cell necrosis or involution

38
Q

Liquefactive necrosis

A

Tissue becomes softened and liquefied leaving a cavity

39
Q

Metaplasia

A

A change from one mature type of tissue to another, usually on mucosal surfaces

  • Usually due to stress
  • Potentially reversible
40
Q

Metastatic calcification

A

Deposition of calcium (and phosphate) in previously normal tissues resulting from blood concentrations of calcium and/or phosphate exceeding their solubility product

41
Q

Putrefaction

A

Bacterially-induced tissue decomposition

42
Q

Pyknosis

A

Shrinkage of the nucleus to a small, dense, wrinkled mass of tightly pack chromatin

43
Q

Regeneration

A

Regrowth of normal tissue. Only labile cells and stable cells regenerate; regenration does not occur in permanent cells (cardiac muscle and neurons)

44
Q

Torsion

A

Torsion is seen when a mobile organ twists, obstructing its blood supply and/or drainage

45
Q

Transferrin

A

A serum glycoprotein that binds and transports iron in the circulation

46
Q

Abscess

A

A localized collection of neutrophils and necrotic debris (pus) in a cavity

47
Q

Acute Inflammation

A

Immediate response to injury characterized by vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, presence of an exudate, and emigration of leukocytes (neutrophils)

-Five characteristics (Redness, Swelling, Heat, Pain, Loss of function)

48
Q

Blood

A

The fluid in the circulatory system

49
Q

Congestion (hyperemia)

A

Increase in teh volume of blood in blood vessels or tissue or an organ due to impaired venous drainage or increased arterial pressure

50
Q

Consolidation

A

Air spaces of lung filled with inflammatory exudate, giving lung a solid, rather than spongy appearance

51
Q

Cytokine

A

A hormone-like mediator produced by inflammatory cells

52
Q

Edema

A

The accumulation of excess fluid in the intercellular tissue spaces or body cavities

53
Q

Effusion

A

An exudate or transudate that has passed into a part or tissue

54
Q

Expectoration

A

Cough which produces sputum, typically a purulent (pus) exudate

55
Q

Exudate

A

Protein rich fluid, often containing inflammatory cells and cellular debris

56
Q

Fibrinous exudate

A

An exudate containing a large amount of fibrin. it is usually found upon inflammation of serosal or mucosal surfaces

57
Q

Filtrate

A

A liquid that passes through a filter, e.g. the glomerular membranes

58
Q

“Left-shift”

A

An increase in teh relative percentage of “less than mature” granulocytes (eg band forms)

59
Q

-itis

A

Inflammation

60
Q

Leukemoid reaction

A

Excessively high white cell counts (25-50,000) with “left shift” that mimics the blood picture of leukemia. This occurs in sever infection, sever toxic states, and other conditions. Usually, with infection, the increased WCC is about 15,000 (Normal 5,000-10,000)

61
Q

Meningitis

A

Inflammation of the meninges

62
Q

Plasma

A

Fluid portion of the blood in which the particulate components are suspended

63
Q

Pus

A

An exudate containing large numbers of viable and dead neutrophils

64
Q

Pyogenic

A

Producing pus

65
Q

Serositis

A

An inflammation of the serosa of an organ, may have any type of exudate associated with it

66
Q

Serous exudate

A

An exudate virtually devoid of inflammatory cells or fibrin; resembles the appearance of serum

67
Q

Serum

A

Cellular free portion of blood from which fibrinogen has benn separated

68
Q

Suppuration

A

Inflammation resulting in the formation of pus

69
Q

Transudate

A

An ultrafiltrate of blood plasma that has passed from within blood vessels into tissues due to a change in hydrostatic pressure

70
Q

Vascular permeability

A

Normally, only water and salt leave vessels; altered permeability, due to endothelial cell contractionor damage, causes leakage of larger compounds such as proteins and cells

71
Q

Vasodilation

A

The relaxation of the vascular smooth muscle causes increased blood flow

Fundamentals (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions