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Parasitology > [Lab] Flagellates Part 1 > Flashcards

[Lab] Flagellates Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the subphylum of flagellates

A

Mastigophora

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2
Q

The whiplike locomotor apparatus in flagellates

A

Flagella

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3
Q

What is the infective stage for flagellates

A

Cyst (except for Trichomonas)

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4
Q

3 special organs of flagellates

A
  1. Undulating membrane
  2. Sucking disk
  3. Axostyle
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5
Q

Rudimentary mouth of most flagellates

A

Cytostome

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6
Q

What are the 3 non-commensal flagellates

A
  1. G. lamblia
  2. T. vaginalis
  3. D. fragilis
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7
Q

True of false: all flagellates undergo sexual reproduction

A

False (asexual through binary fission)

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8
Q

This flagellate inhabits the visceral organ and non–tissue invader. Only pathogenic intestinal flagellates that inhabit the small intestine.

A

G. lamblia/intestinalis/duodenalis

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9
Q

Structures to identify in a G. lamblia trophozoite

A
  1. Nuclei with karyosome
  2. Sucking discs
  3. Parabasal body
  4. Flagella
  5. Axostyle
  6. Axoneme
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10
Q

How many flagella does a G. lamblia trophozoite have

A

4

1 pair - anterior end
1 pair - posterior end
2 pairs - central

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11
Q

Shape and appearance of G. lamblia trophozoite

A

Pear-shaped and bilaterally symmetrical

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12
Q

Size of G. lamblia trophozoite

A

Length - 8-20
Width - 5-16

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13
Q

How many nuclei does a G lamblia trophozoite have

A

2

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14
Q

Karyosome of G. lamblia: large or small

A

Large

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15
Q

Special organs of G. lamblia trophozoite

A
  1. 2 median (parabasal) bodies
  2. 2 axonemes
  3. Sucking disk
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16
Q

Structures to identify in a G. lamblia cyst

A
  1. Nuclei
  2. Finely granular cytoplasm
  3. Cyst wall
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17
Q

Size of a G. lamblia cyst

A

Length 8-17
Width 6-10

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18
Q

Shape of G. lamblia cyst

A

Ovoid

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19
Q

No. of nuclei of G. lamblia cyst

A

4 (2 mature and 2 immature)

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20
Q

Karyosome of G. lamblia cyst

A

Centrally located

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21
Q

Cytoplasm of G. lamblia cyst

A

Retracted from cell wall

22
Q

Special organs of G. lamblia cyst

A
  1. Pair of parabasal body
  2. Interior flagellar structures
  3. Oblique axostyle
23
Q

MOT of G. lamblia

A

Ingestion of cyst from contaminated food/water

24
Q

What are the infective and diagnostic stage of G. lamblia

25
Q

Excystation of G. lamblia occurs in

26
Q

Encystation of G. lamblia occurs in

A

Large intestine

27
Q

2 diseases caused by G. lamblia

A
  1. Giardiasis
  2. Traveler’s/Hiker’s/Backpacker’s diarrhea
28
Q

Pathology of G. lamblia

A
  1. Intense inflammation in the intestinal mucosa result to secretions of abundant mucus.
  2. Lead to malabsorption of fats and carbohydrates (steatorrhea)
29
Q

Epidemiology of G. lamblia

A

In warm, moist climates, especially in children

+ poor environmental sanitation

30
Q

Risk factors of G. lamblia

A
  1. Poor hygiene
  2. Poor sanitation
  3. Overcrowding
  4. Bacterial and fungal overgrowth in the small
    intestine
  5. Homosexual practices
31
Q

Specimen of interest for G. lamblia

A
  1. Stool
  2. Duodenal contents (for trophozoites)
32
Q

Techniques used for recovery of G. lamblia

A
  1. Entero-test/string test
  2. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
  3. Small bowel biopsies (for patients with negative stool)
33
Q

Treatment for G. lamblia

A
  1. Metronidazole
  2. Furazolidone = for children under 5 years old
34
Q

Prevention and control for G. lamblia

A
  1. Proper water treatment.
  2. Avoid using human excreta as fertilizer for vegetables
  3. Prevent food contamination from flies and infected food handlers.
35
Q

Structures of identify for Chilomastix mesnili trophozoite

SNFAC

A
  1. Spiral groove
  2. Nucleus
  3. Flagella
  4. Achromatic granules
  5. Cytostome
36
Q

Size of C. mesnili trophozoite

A

Length - 5-25
Width - 5-10

37
Q

Shape of C. mesnili trophozoite

A

Pear-shaped

38
Q

No. of flagella of C. mesnili trophozoite

A

4 (3 anterior, 1 posterior)

39
Q

Motility of G. lamblia trophozoite

A

Jerky/kite-like/falling leaf

40
Q

Motility of C. mesnili trophozoite

A

Stiff, rotary fashion, directional/cork-screw

41
Q

Karyosome of C. mesnili trophozoite

A

Small, distinct, central or eccentric

42
Q

Special organs of C. mesnili trophozoite

A
  1. Prominent cytostome (1/3-1/2 body length)
  2. Spiral groove
43
Q

Structures of identify for Chilomastix mesnili cyst

A
  1. Knob-like protuberance
  2. Cyst wall
  3. Nucleus
44
Q

Size of C. mesnili cyst

A

Length 5-10

45
Q

Shape of C. mesnili cyst

A

Lemon-shaped/Oval-shaped/Nipple-shaped
Knob-like protuberance at anterior end

46
Q

No. of nuclei of C. mesnili cyst

47
Q

Cytoplasm of C. mesnili cyst

A

Densely granular

48
Q

Karyosome of C. mesnili cyst

A

Large, central

49
Q

Special organ of C. mesnili cyst

A

Well-defined cytostome

50
Q

Prevention and Control of C. mesnili

A
  1. Proper sanitation
  2. Personal hygiene

Parasitology (4 decks)

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