Lab Final Review Flashcards
A urine sample is collected from a patient with symptomatology of 3 days duration. The patient has been experiencing flank pain along with a moderate fever. Microscopic findings are shown in the image.
What is the diagnosis?
Acute pyelonephritis
Based on the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis, what is the term given to the microscopic finding in this image?
Leukocytic cast
Which of the following statements is true regarding the condition shown in the image?
- Causes conspicuous lowering of affected testes
- Commonly affects newborns and pubescent males
- Is due to herniation of abdominal fat
- Is a consequence of e. coli infection
Commonly affects newborns and pubescent males
testicular torsion
Which of the following statements is correct regarding the supplied image?
- Fluid accumulation is of a milky consistency
- Due to left sided heart failure
- Due to serous accumulation draining from abdomen
- “Bag of worms” palpatory feel
“Bag of worms” palpatory feel
varicocele
A female was referred to diagnostic imaging for persistent pelvic pain. A mass was found via CT scan and then removed surgically.
What can be said about the surgical specimen in the image?
- Lesion in a molar pregnancy
- Lesion is an ovarian adenocarcinoma
- Lesion is composed of all three germ layers
- Lesion is metastasis from gastric carcinoma
Lesion is composed of all three germ layers
teratoma
A 27 year old female develops RLQ pain over a one-week duration. The pain is progressively worsening and eventually presents to the ER. She has a temperature of 100.1 degrees and a mildly elevated white blood cell count. There is pinpoint tenderness in the affected area during palpation which does not refer or radiate. Urinalysis demonstrates an elevation of HCG. Ultrasound detects a small mass. She has the mass surgically removed. Pictured is a histological slide of the mass.
What is the most appropriate term that can be applied to this condition?
Ectopic tubal pregnancy
What are three common features or presenting signs of this condition?
- Multiple expansile cysts (progressive renal failure)
- Hematuria
- Hypertension
polycystic kidney disease
A patient is in declining health and is hospitalized. Increasing serum creatinine and BUN along with decreasing GFR are assessed. The patient passes away. Several biopsies are taken and sent to pathology for evaluation.
What conclusion can be made regarding the supplied image?
Multiple stones are seen within kidney tubules
(thyroidization of the kidney involves colloid-like casts filling tubules)
chronic pyelonephritis
What is the predicted gross appearance of the affected organ?
Cortical atrophy and dilated calyces
chronic pyelonephritis
Which of the following statements about the pathology pictured is false?
- Presents primarily in children
- Presents as an abdominal mass
- Presents as hematuria
- Presents in the second half of life, primarily in females
False: presents in the second half of life, primarily in females
(this is a rare kidney cancer in children)
nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor)
A palpable mass in the breast prompts a female to visit her general practitioner. A biopsy is shown in the image.
Which of the following statements is true?
- Lesion will invade surrounding soft tissue
- Lesion typically does not present in upper-outer quadrant
- Lesion will cause nipple retraction and “orange-peel” skin
- Lesion typically regresses after menopause
Lesion typically regresses after menopause
fibrocystic change
A 48 year old female experiences three episodes of sudden hematuria during a three week period. She has a 20 pack-year smoking history and has worked in a rubber boot factory for the past 10 years. She reports to ther primary care physician after urinating what she felt was a significant amount of blood. She admits to producing less urine than she used to and having a feeling of always being “full”. Pictured is this patient’s IVP.
What would cause these findings?
Bilateral hydronephrosis possibly due to obstruction by bladder cancer
A 34 year old female is attempting to conceive a child. She has been unseccessful for over two years. Following three rounds of reproductive therapy and one round of IVF, she begins to develop severe chronic abdomino pelvic pain. She had this pain in her late adolescence and young adulthood, but thought it was part of her cycle. She has started to spot. Follow up ultrasound detected multiple lesions and she was referred to surgery. Multiple masses were removed as shown in the image.
What is the primary diagnosis?
Leiomyoma
Which of the following conditions will not produce this finding?
- BPH
- Stricture (urinary obstruction)
- Renal calculi
- Carcinoma
BPH does not produce this finding (it would produce bilateral hydronephrosis)
unilateral hydronephrosis
A female discovers a lump during a breast self exam and a biopsy is taken.
Which of the following statements is false regarding this condition?
- Desmoplasia is apparent
- Lesion is most likely benign
- Palpation reveals a fixed, immobile mass
- Mass typically presents in the upper outer quadrant of the breast
False: lesion is most likely benign
invasive ductal carcinoma
Surgeons remove a kidney weighing 16.3lbs– the size of two newborn babies– from a patient in India. It is thought to be the heaviest kidney ever removed in the country and the third heaviest world wide. The patient, a 56 year-old male from the Indian capital New Delphi suffers from ___ which causes ___
suffers from autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease which causes cysts to develop in the kidneys
Following a PAP smear, a patient has a cervical colposcopy performed. The biopsy is pictured
What is the appropriate grade for this histology?
Moderate dysplasia
half of epithelium is hyperchromatic, but superficial layers are still squamous
Following a PAP smear, a patient has a cervical colposcopy performed. The biopsy is pictured
What is the appropriate grade for this histology?
Moderate dysplasia
half of epithelium is hyperchromatic, but superficial layers are still squamous
Which of the following statements is most consistent with the finding demonstrated in this image?
- Presents as a finding of chronic pain that does not respond well to conventional therapies
- Seen in smokers or individuals with prior exposure to vinyl chloride
- Rapid onset as a result of ascending bacterial infections
- Due to abrasion from passed calculi
Presents as a finding of chronic pain that does not respond well to conventional therapies
interstitial cystitis (bladder)
Routine mammogram in a 53 year-old revealed spiculated calcium deposition within breast tissue obscuring an area of interest prompting a fine needle aspiration.
Which of the following statements is consistent with the image?
- Well-differentiated glands indicate that the lesion is a fibroadenoma
- Multiple fluid-filled cysts are visualized
- Neoplastic cells have not crossed the basement membrane of well-defined glands
- Nests and cords of invasive cells are visualized
Nests and cords of invasive cells are visualized
invasive ductal carcinoma
A 26 year-old says that his pain started two nights ago and has been increasing in severity ever since. He feels shooting pain on the right side of his back which then wraps around his groin area to the front. It comes and goes and he describes it feeling like a knife is trying to work its way out of him.
How would his condition appear in IVP?
This is unilateral hydronephrosis due to nephrolithiasis obstruction
(loin to groin pain)
A 68 year-old male becomes worried after he begins to feel progressively tired and feels his heart jump out of his chest whenever he even takes a short walk. He visits his primary care physician who orders bloodwork and diagnostic imaging. A lesion is detected and removed surgically.
Which of the following is true regarding his condition?
- Patient primarily presents with retropubic pain
- Lesion is also called Wilms tumor
- Varicocele is a potential complication
- Hematuria is uncommon
- Lesion is due to tumor suppressor gene mutation
Varicocele is a potential complication
renal cell carcinoma
Cauliflower-like lesions on the external genitalia of a 26 year-old female prompts her to visit her gynecologist.
How might a biopsy of this condition look?
This is genital wart/condyloma accuminatum
