Lab Final Path II Flashcards by Elise Wardrop

Cat with progressive weight loss due to problems eating

SCC on the tongue and left tonsil

Proliferative and Locally aggresive

Reactive retropharyngeal lymph node observed.

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Retropharyngeal lymph node

Reactive Lymph Node/ Lymphadenopathy

Characterized by lymphoid cell hyperplasia, sinus plasmacytosis, histiocytosis and erythrophagocytosis.

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What is wrong with this????

Nothing! It is a normal esophagus of a leatherback turtle

The esophageal mucosa of leatherback sea turtles has large spines which point caudally to facilitate the swallowing of pray.

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Tell me atleast two things wrong with this horse

Ileal muscular hypertrophy (ideopathic or due to parasite impation) –> stenotic lumen

Anoplocephala perfoliata infection at the ileocecal valve

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COW. Mdx? disease name? etiology?

MDx: Diffuse granulomatous enteritis

Disease: Jognes disease

Etiology: Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis

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Pig. Etiology(s)? Mdx? Disease name/Common name?

Etiology: Ascaris suum; Stephanurus dentatus (kidney worm of pigs).

Mdx: Chronic eosinophilic fibrosive interstitial hepatitis

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Pig. Disease name? Mdx? Etiology?

Disease: Porcine Proliferative Enteropathy -PPE

Mdx: proliferative enteritis

Etiology: Lawsonia intracellularis

Infected animals: chronic diarrhea and stunted growth

“garden hose appearance”

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Pig. Disease? Mdx? Etiology?

Disease: Porcine Proliferative Enteropathy -PPE

Mdx: proliferative hemorrhagic enteropathy

Etiology: Lawsonia intracellularis

This presentation occur in older animals (ie young sows)

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Pig

Disease: Porcine Proliferative Enteropathy -PPE

Mdx: proliferative enteritis (Hyperplasia of intestinal crypts)

Etiology: Lawsonia intracellularis

CONFIRM DIAGNOSIS VIA SILVER STAIN

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Horse. Etiolgy? MDx?

MDx: Erosive and ulcerative gastritis

Etiology: blister beetle (cantharidin) toxicity (found in alfalfa hay)

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Feline

Feline Fatty Liver Syndrome - Hepatic Lipidosis

Mdx: Diffuse hepatic lipidosis

Description: rounded edges, pale, floats in fluid

Important condition in cats that go off feed.

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Pig

Dz? MDx?

Hepatosis Dietetica- Vitamin E/Selenium Deficiency

Mdx: Diffuse Panlobular hepatic necrosis ***

(not really inflammatory)

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Dog. Mdx?

MDx: Chronic hepatitis with post-necrosis scarring and nodular regeneration// Hepatic Cirrhosis

Pale color is due to fatty changes within the regenerative nodules.

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Cow. Mdx? Etiology?

Mdx: Chronic eosinophilic and granulomatous hepatitis with interlesional flukes (Fascioldes magna)

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Dog.

Hepatic rupture/fracture

common in HBC cases. May result in fatal hemoperitoneum.

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Cow

Mdx: Diffuse chronic passive hepatic congestion

Nutmeg liver/ Cardiac cirrhosis due to right sided heart failure

Looks enlarges, mottled (congestion and fatty changes), fibrotic, nodular

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Cat Liver. Mdx? Etiology?

Mdx: Chronic Cholescystitis and cholangitis/peri-cholangitis, multifocal, mild to moderate with intralesional trematode parasites

Platynosomum fastosum =Liver Fluke

See promoinant appearance of bile ducts. May cause hyperplasia of the bile epithelium and thickening of the duct walls

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Rabbit

NEED TO KNOW

**Mdx: Proliferative (hyperplastic) cholangitis/cholangiohepatits**

**Etiology: Eimeria steidae**

**Edx: Hepatic coccidiosis**

One of the major diseases in rabbits (along with uterine carnoma and snuffles)

See pale, slightly raised areas that are scattered throughout the liver (surface and parrencyma).

Histology shows prominant fold of epithelium =hyperplastic

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Calf Bone Marrow? Any lesions?

Normal for the age of animal

————————————-

(if adult, this would be considered bone marrow hyperplasia)

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Mdx? Etiology? What other lesions would you see?

Mdx: fibrinonecrotizing enteritis
Etiology: parvo virus

Associtaed lesions: bone marrow and lymphoid depletion

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Dx?

Metastatic melanoma

indicated by the black color and infiltration of the bone

on radiograph there will be a mass and decreased mineralization

tumor spread via both the blood and lymphatics

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Dx?

Hemangiosarcoma

very hemorragic and infiltratinf the bone

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Llama. Mdx? Dz?

MDx: multifocal granulomatous osteomyelitis
Dz: Tuberculosis

also see serous atropy of fat

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Goat. Dx?

lymphosarcoma

————-

red marrow and white fat is being displaced along the medullary cavity and by a more yellow color tumor tissue near the epiphysis

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Cow. Etiology? Where else may you see this change?

* *serous atropy of fat** * Etiology:* starvation, cachexia --\> **chronic emaciation** * also seen at the* **base of the heart**

Dog. Mdx? Etiology? What else will you see?

MDx: **Multifocal osteolysis "punched out lesions"** Etiology: **Multiple Myeloma** *Will also see*: **monoclonal gammopathy, hypercalcemia and increased plasma cells**

Dog. Mdx?

**Acute Lymphadenitis**. "Reactive lymph node"

Horse. Mdx? Dz? Etiology?

Dz: **equine strangles** Etiology: ***Steptococcus equi sbsp. equi*** Mdx: **acute suppurative lymphadenitis** (retropharyngeal lymph nodes) ----- (bastard stangles = abcess in other lymphoid tissues)

Sheep. Mdx? Etiology?

*Mdx:* **chronic caseous lymphadenitis** Eitiology: ***Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis*** may have union like appearance

Ox. Etiology? Mdx?

***Mycobacterium bovis* Chronic granulomatous lymphadenitis**

Cat. Dx? Associated disease?

**medinastinal lymphosarcoma** frequent in cats ( lymphoma/lymphosarcoma \>\> thymoma ) associated with **FeLV-**- may also see breathing difficulties & inability to eat due to compression of the esophagus

Dx? Etiology?

* *Jowel abscess * Streptococcus porcinus*** *Bolfa said " good to have in mind for the exam..."*

Cow. Dx? Etiology?

* *lymphoma** - vertbral canal, epidural space * *bovine leukemia virus**

Canine popliteal lymph node aspirate What is the arrow pointing to? Dz?

**Kinetoplasts (arrow)- amastogotes Leishmaniasis** reaction of the mononuclear macrophage system--\> increase size in the lymph nodes

Cat. Rapidly developed. In multiple lymph nodes. Mdx? Etiology?

**Diffuse granulomatous lymphadenitis** ***Cryptococcus gati***

Goat. Etiology?

***Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis***

Ox. Dz/Etiology?

Peyer patch - fibrinonecrotic (diffuse, severe, acute, ileum) Disease = **Mucosal disease (BVDV)**

6 DDx for a meaty splenomegly:

**histiocytic sarcoma** lymphoma plasma cell tumor mast cell tumor splenitis amyloidosis

What is wrong with this canine spleen?

**chronic infarct** (infarcts turn white in the spleen, heart and kidney)

DDx for acute infarcts in the spleen of a pig?

Hog cholera (Classical Swine Fever)

DDx for diffuse splenic congestion in a pig?

**African swine fever**

Feedlot Cattle. Mdx? Etiology?

MDx: Acute multifocal necrotizing myocarditis Etiology: *Histophilus somni*

Feedlot cattle. EDx? What other lesions will you see?

Edx: ***Histophilus somni*** Other lesions- **thrombolic meningial encephalitis,** **respiratory** disease and **joint** disease

Calf. Mdx?

Omphalitis Phlebitis and Hepatic Abcesses

Feedlot Steer. Mdx? 3 possible Etiology?

MDx: **Verricous Valvular endocarditis** Etiology: Truperella pyrogenous, Streptococci, Staph -------------- Ventricle contiained Jet Lesions due to turbulance

15 year old dog. Mdx? Breed predisposition?

Valvular Endocar**diosis**- Myxomatous Valvular Degeneration Most commonly in **Cavalier King Charles Spaniel** ------------------------- Usually on the left AV valve May present with pulmonary edema with abudant **heart failure cells containing hemosiderin** (seen via pearls stain) If it progresses to the right side, chronic passive hepatic congestion (nutmeg liver) may be present

8 year old dog

**Hemangiosarcoma** Originated in the right atrium and then matastasized to the lungs (most common site) and other sites

Horse. Edx? Etiology?

Etiology: ***Strongylus vulgaris*** Edx: **Parasitic/Strongylus arteritis**

Cow. Mdx? Etiology?

Ulcerative Keratitis/keratoconjunctivitis Pink eye = Moraxella bovis ------------------ DDx: Trauma, Herpes, BVD

Cow. Etiology?

OHV-2 - MCF Does not need to have ulcer- to differentiate from pink eye you should look in the oral cavity for ulcerative stomatitis

Dog. Mdx?

Meibomian Adenoma & Keratitis

Ddx?

* **Florida spots** - corneal deposits of unkown composition * DDx: corneal endothelial dystrophy = multifocal corneal edema

MDx? Condition Name? Potential Cause?

MDx: **Diffuse corneal edema and ophthalmia** Condition: **Glaucoma** Cause: lens luxation, synechia, hypopion (exudate in the anterior chamber), goniodysgenesis (malformation of filtration angle), etc.

German Shepard. Mdx? Disease? DDx (if white cat or cow)? Description= rough plaque at limbus

Mdx:\*\*\***Chronic Superficial Keratitis** \*\*\*\*(KNOW THIS) Disease: Pannus DDx: SCC

Mdx?

Lymphoma

Cat. Mdx? Etiology?

Mdx: Pyogranulomatous Choroiditis Etiology: Crytococcus

Cat. Mdx?

Feline Eosinophilic Keratitis ------- Immune mediated pathogenesis, mostly in cats with active feline herpesvirus Confirm with corneal scraping cytology

**Cherry eye**- prolapse of gland od the nictitating membrane ---------- * May occur secondary to weak supportive connective tissues which normally anchor the base of the gland to the ventral orbital rim * Beagle, English bulldog, Boston terrier, Cocker spaniel, and Shar Pei are predisposed * All breeds that are predisposed to prolapse of the gland of the nictitating membrane are also predisposed to development of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS)

MDx?Etiology?

**Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (“Dry Eye”)** due to a lack of tear production. The deficiency maybe mild to severe, and temporary or permanent. Beagle, English bulldog, Boston terrier, Cocker spaniel, and Shar Pei are predisposed

Etiology? How did it get into the brain?

Bacterial - purulent meningitis Entered via (1) Choroid plexus (2) Hematogenous (3) Extension from the ear Would see neutrophil infiltrates- possibly with phagocytosed bacteria

Congenital or Acquired?

Congenital- due to failure of bone fusion due to increased pressure

2 possible etiologies? Location of tissue damage?

BVD, schmallenberg virus Damage of the cerebellar and cervical spinal cord --\> contracted tendons due to lack of in-utero movement

Name the tumor!

Meningioma! Should easily "shell out"

Does the top or the bottom have cerebellar coning?

top

Name the tumor!

Macro Pituitary Tumor Would obliterate the function of the gland and hypothalmus

Horse with dysphagia and colic like symptoms. Name the disease and exspected microscopic changes seen.

Grass Sickness Dysautonomia- chromatolysis, reduced neuron numbers

Salmonella Abcess. What microscopic lesion would you expect?

Wallerian degeneration - chromatolysis and axon and myelin damage distally

Name the Dz? What animals is it most common in?

**Wobblers Syndrome** **Horses and Large Breed Dogs** Will see Wallerian Degeneration and chromatolysis

Dz? Histological Findings?

Cauda equina neuritis Lymphocyte infiltrate

Dog. Mdx? underlying endocrine abnormality? Other associated lesions?

MDx: **Calcinosis cutis** Underlying Dz: Cushings - cortisol secreting adrenal cortex neoplasm, pituitary corticotroph adenoma Associated lesions: PU/PD, Immunosuppression (excess glucocorticooids), pyoderma, otitis extrena, UTI, steroid hepatopathy, muscle atrophy, epidermal atrophy and alopecia, adrenal cortical hyperplasia/hypoplasia

Dog adrenal gland. Mdx? Etiology? Dz?

Diffuse cortical hyperplasia due to ACTH producing pituitary adenoma= CUSHINGS

thyroid gland. Mdx? How would the gland look grossly? Associated lesions?

Mdx: **Lymphocytic Thyroiditis** (Cause = immune mediated) Gross: thyroid Atrophy Associated lesions: Obesity. myxedema, alopecia, coronary artherosclerosis (due to high cholesterol being deposited on artery walls)

Dog Heart. Mdx? Dz?

Mdx: coronary atherosclerosis Dz: Hypothyroidism High cholesterol is deposited on artery walls and then macrophages enter to "clean it up" but the response causes further damage

Cat. Mdx? Associated signs? Benign or Malignant?

Adenomatous hyperplasia or adenomas of the thyroid = BENIGN Dz: Hyperthyroidism Associated signs= crazy, eating more but losing weight, emaciation, lesions associated with hypertension= biventricular cardiac hypertrophy, thromboembolism (saddle thrombosis)

Crazy Emaciated Cat's Heart. mdx? pathogenesis? Dz?

Mdx: biventricular cardiac hypertrophy Dz: Hyperthyroidism Pathogenesis: increased metabolic rate --\> chronic tachycardia--\> enlarged myocytes and high demand --\> myocardial infarct

Cat. Mdx? Dz? Associated lesions?

Mdx: Multifocal parathyroid hyperplasia Dz: Primary/Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Associated lesions: Metastatic calcification (kidney, gi mucosa, lungs, aortic intimal surface etc.), fibrous osteodystrophy

Adrenal Gland. Which Neoplasms is most likely?

**Pheochromocytoma** Due to the red color ---- A cortical adenoma/adenocarcinoma wouls be more tan and greasy

Mdx?

**Fibrous osteodystrophy** Due to renal deficiency, lack of Vit D (require UV exposure), high P diets (all meat)

Ferret. MDx? Benigns or Malignant?

Islet Cell Carcinoma- most likely a Malignant Insulinoma

Lab Final Path II Flashcards

(79 cards)