Lab Final Path II Flashcards
Cat with progressive weight loss due to problems eating
SCC on the tongue and left tonsil
Proliferative and Locally aggresive
Reactive retropharyngeal lymph node observed.
Retropharyngeal lymph node
Reactive Lymph Node/ Lymphadenopathy
Characterized by lymphoid cell hyperplasia, sinus plasmacytosis, histiocytosis and erythrophagocytosis.
What is wrong with this????
Nothing! It is a normal esophagus of a leatherback turtle
The esophageal mucosa of leatherback sea turtles has large spines which point caudally to facilitate the swallowing of pray.
Tell me atleast two things wrong with this horse
Ileal muscular hypertrophy (ideopathic or due to parasite impation) –> stenotic lumen
Anoplocephala perfoliata infection at the ileocecal valve
COW. Mdx? disease name? etiology?
MDx: Diffuse granulomatous enteritis
Disease: Jognes disease
Etiology: Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis
Pig. Etiology(s)? Mdx? Disease name/Common name?
Etiology: Ascaris suum; Stephanurus dentatus (kidney worm of pigs).
Mdx: Chronic eosinophilic fibrosive interstitial hepatitis
Pig. Disease name? Mdx? Etiology?
Disease: Porcine Proliferative Enteropathy -PPE
Mdx: proliferative enteritis
Etiology: Lawsonia intracellularis
Infected animals: chronic diarrhea and stunted growth
“garden hose appearance”
Pig. Disease? Mdx? Etiology?
Disease: Porcine Proliferative Enteropathy -PPE
Mdx: proliferative hemorrhagic enteropathy
Etiology: Lawsonia intracellularis
This presentation occur in older animals (ie young sows)
Pig
Disease: Porcine Proliferative Enteropathy -PPE
Mdx: proliferative enteritis (Hyperplasia of intestinal crypts)
Etiology: Lawsonia intracellularis
CONFIRM DIAGNOSIS VIA SILVER STAIN
Horse. Etiolgy? MDx?
MDx: Erosive and ulcerative gastritis
Etiology: blister beetle (cantharidin) toxicity (found in alfalfa hay)
Feline
Feline Fatty Liver Syndrome - Hepatic Lipidosis
Mdx: Diffuse hepatic lipidosis
Description: rounded edges, pale, floats in fluid
Important condition in cats that go off feed.
Pig
Dz? MDx?
Hepatosis Dietetica- Vitamin E/Selenium Deficiency
Mdx: Diffuse Panlobular hepatic necrosis ***
(not really inflammatory)
Dog. Mdx?
MDx: Chronic hepatitis with post-necrosis scarring and nodular regeneration// Hepatic Cirrhosis
Pale color is due to fatty changes within the regenerative nodules.
Cow. Mdx? Etiology?
Mdx: Chronic eosinophilic and granulomatous hepatitis with interlesional flukes (Fascioldes magna)
Dog.
Hepatic rupture/fracture
common in HBC cases. May result in fatal hemoperitoneum.
Cow
Mdx: Diffuse chronic passive hepatic congestion
Nutmeg liver/ Cardiac cirrhosis due to right sided heart failure
Looks enlarges, mottled (congestion and fatty changes), fibrotic, nodular
Cat Liver. Mdx? Etiology?
Mdx: Chronic Cholescystitis and cholangitis/peri-cholangitis, multifocal, mild to moderate with intralesional trematode parasites
Platynosomum fastosum =Liver Fluke
See promoinant appearance of bile ducts. May cause hyperplasia of the bile epithelium and thickening of the duct walls
Rabbit
NEED TO KNOW
**Mdx: Proliferative (hyperplastic) cholangitis/cholangiohepatits**
**Etiology: Eimeria steidae**
**Edx: Hepatic coccidiosis**
One of the major diseases in rabbits (along with uterine carnoma and snuffles)
See pale, slightly raised areas that are scattered throughout the liver (surface and parrencyma).
Histology shows prominant fold of epithelium =hyperplastic
Calf Bone Marrow? Any lesions?
Normal for the age of animal
————————————-
(if adult, this would be considered bone marrow hyperplasia)
Mdx? Etiology? What other lesions would you see?
Mdx: fibrinonecrotizing enteritis
Etiology: parvo virus
Associtaed lesions: bone marrow and lymphoid depletion
Dx?
Metastatic melanoma
indicated by the black color and infiltration of the bone
on radiograph there will be a mass and decreased mineralization
tumor spread via both the blood and lymphatics
Dx?
Hemangiosarcoma
very hemorragic and infiltratinf the bone
Llama. Mdx? Dz?
MDx: multifocal granulomatous osteomyelitis
Dz: Tuberculosis
also see serous atropy of fat
Goat. Dx?
lymphosarcoma
————-
red marrow and white fat is being displaced along the medullary cavity and by a more yellow color tumor tissue near the epiphysis
Cow. Etiology? Where else may you see this change?
- *serous atropy of fat**
- Etiology:* starvation, cachexia –> chronic emaciation
- also seen at the* base of the heart
Dog. Mdx? Etiology? What else will you see?
MDx: Multifocal osteolysis “punched out lesions”
Etiology: Multiple Myeloma
Will also see: monoclonal gammopathy, hypercalcemia and increased plasma cells
Dog. Mdx?
Acute Lymphadenitis. “Reactive lymph node”
Horse. Mdx? Dz? Etiology?
Dz: equine strangles
Etiology: Steptococcus equi sbsp. equi
Mdx: acute suppurative lymphadenitis (retropharyngeal lymph nodes)
(bastard stangles = abcess in other lymphoid tissues)
Sheep. Mdx? Etiology?
Mdx: chronic caseous lymphadenitis
Eitiology: Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
may have union like appearance
Ox. Etiology? Mdx?
Mycobacterium bovis
Chronic granulomatous lymphadenitis
Cat. Dx? Associated disease?
medinastinal lymphosarcoma
frequent in cats ( lymphoma/lymphosarcoma >> thymoma )
associated with FeLV-- may also see breathing difficulties & inability to eat due to compression of the esophagus
Dx? Etiology?
- *Jowel abscess
- Streptococcus porcinus***
Bolfa said “ good to have in mind for the exam…”
Cow. Dx? Etiology?
- *lymphoma** - vertbral canal, epidural space
- *bovine leukemia virus**
Canine popliteal lymph node aspirate
What is the arrow pointing to? Dz?
Kinetoplasts (arrow)- amastogotes
Leishmaniasis
reaction of the mononuclear macrophage system–> increase size in the lymph nodes
Cat. Rapidly developed. In multiple lymph nodes. Mdx? Etiology?
Diffuse granulomatous lymphadenitis
Cryptococcus gati
Goat. Etiology?
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
Ox. Dz/Etiology?
Peyer patch - fibrinonecrotic (diffuse, severe, acute, ileum)
Disease = Mucosal disease (BVDV)
6 DDx for a meaty splenomegly:
histiocytic sarcoma
lymphoma
plasma cell tumor
mast cell tumor
splenitis
amyloidosis
What is wrong with this canine spleen?
chronic infarct
(infarcts turn white in the spleen, heart and kidney)
DDx for acute infarcts in the spleen of a pig?
Hog cholera (Classical Swine Fever)
DDx for diffuse splenic congestion in a pig?
African swine fever
Feedlot Cattle. Mdx? Etiology?
MDx: Acute multifocal necrotizing myocarditis
Etiology: Histophilus somni
Feedlot cattle. EDx? What other lesions will you see?
Edx: Histophilus somni
Other lesions- thrombolic meningial encephalitis, respiratory disease and joint disease
Calf. Mdx?
Omphalitis Phlebitis and Hepatic Abcesses
Feedlot Steer. Mdx? 3 possible Etiology?
MDx: Verricous Valvular endocarditis
Etiology: Truperella pyrogenous, Streptococci, Staph
Ventricle contiained Jet Lesions due to turbulance
15 year old dog. Mdx? Breed predisposition?
Valvular Endocardiosis- Myxomatous Valvular Degeneration
Most commonly in Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
Usually on the left AV valve
May present with pulmonary edema with abudant heart failure cells containing hemosiderin (seen via pearls stain)
If it progresses to the right side, chronic passive hepatic congestion (nutmeg liver) may be present
8 year old dog
Hemangiosarcoma
Originated in the right atrium and then matastasized to the lungs (most common site) and other sites
Horse. Edx? Etiology?
Etiology: Strongylus vulgaris
Edx: Parasitic/Strongylus arteritis
Cow. Mdx? Etiology?
Ulcerative Keratitis/keratoconjunctivitis
Pink eye = Moraxella bovis
DDx: Trauma, Herpes, BVD
Cow. Etiology?
OHV-2 - MCF
Does not need to have ulcer- to differentiate from pink eye you should look in the oral cavity for ulcerative stomatitis
Dog. Mdx?
Meibomian Adenoma & Keratitis
Ddx?
- Florida spots - corneal deposits of unkown composition
- DDx: corneal endothelial dystrophy = multifocal corneal edema
MDx? Condition Name? Potential Cause?
MDx: Diffuse corneal edema and ophthalmia
Condition: Glaucoma
Cause: lens luxation, synechia, hypopion (exudate in the anterior chamber), goniodysgenesis (malformation of filtration angle), etc.
German Shepard.
Mdx? Disease? DDx (if white cat or cow)?
Description= rough plaque at limbus
Mdx:***Chronic Superficial Keratitis ****(KNOW THIS)
Disease: Pannus
DDx: SCC
Mdx?
Lymphoma
Cat. Mdx? Etiology?
Mdx: Pyogranulomatous Choroiditis
Etiology: Crytococcus
Cat. Mdx?
Feline Eosinophilic Keratitis
Immune mediated pathogenesis, mostly in cats with active feline herpesvirus
Confirm with corneal scraping cytology
Cherry eye- prolapse of gland od the nictitating membrane
- May occur secondary to weak supportive connective tissues which normally anchor the base of the gland to the ventral orbital rim
- Beagle, English bulldog, Boston terrier, Cocker spaniel, and Shar Pei are predisposed
- All breeds that are predisposed to prolapse of the gland of the nictitating membrane are also predisposed to development of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS)
MDx?Etiology?
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (“Dry Eye”)
due to a lack of tear production. The deficiency maybe mild to severe, and temporary or permanent.
Beagle, English bulldog, Boston terrier, Cocker spaniel, and Shar Pei are predisposed
Etiology? How did it get into the brain?
Bacterial - purulent meningitis
Entered via (1) Choroid plexus (2) Hematogenous (3) Extension from the ear
Would see neutrophil infiltrates- possibly with phagocytosed bacteria
Congenital or Acquired?
Congenital- due to failure of bone fusion due to increased pressure
2 possible etiologies? Location of tissue damage?
BVD, schmallenberg virus
Damage of the cerebellar and cervical spinal cord –> contracted tendons due to lack of in-utero movement
Name the tumor!
Meningioma!
Should easily “shell out”
Does the top or the bottom have cerebellar coning?
top
Name the tumor!
Macro Pituitary Tumor
Would obliterate the function of the gland and hypothalmus
Horse with dysphagia and colic like symptoms.
Name the disease and exspected microscopic changes seen.
Grass Sickness
Dysautonomia- chromatolysis, reduced neuron numbers
Salmonella Abcess. What microscopic lesion would you expect?
Wallerian degeneration - chromatolysis and axon and myelin damage distally
Name the Dz? What animals is it most common in?
Wobblers Syndrome
Horses and Large Breed Dogs
Will see Wallerian Degeneration and chromatolysis
Dz? Histological Findings?
Cauda equina neuritis
Lymphocyte infiltrate
Dog.
Mdx? underlying endocrine abnormality? Other associated lesions?
MDx: Calcinosis cutis
Underlying Dz: Cushings - cortisol secreting adrenal cortex neoplasm, pituitary corticotroph adenoma
Associated lesions: PU/PD, Immunosuppression (excess glucocorticooids), pyoderma, otitis extrena, UTI, steroid hepatopathy, muscle atrophy, epidermal atrophy and alopecia, adrenal cortical hyperplasia/hypoplasia
Dog adrenal gland.
Mdx? Etiology? Dz?
Diffuse cortical hyperplasia due to ACTH producing pituitary adenoma= CUSHINGS
thyroid gland.
Mdx? How would the gland look grossly? Associated lesions?
Mdx: Lymphocytic Thyroiditis (Cause = immune mediated)
Gross: thyroid Atrophy
Associated lesions: Obesity. myxedema, alopecia, coronary artherosclerosis (due to high cholesterol being deposited on artery walls)
Dog Heart.
Mdx? Dz?
Mdx: coronary atherosclerosis
Dz: Hypothyroidism
High cholesterol is deposited on artery walls and then macrophages enter to “clean it up” but the response causes further damage
Cat.
Mdx? Associated signs? Benign or Malignant?
Adenomatous hyperplasia or adenomas of the thyroid = BENIGN
Dz: Hyperthyroidism
Associated signs= crazy, eating more but losing weight, emaciation, lesions associated with hypertension= biventricular cardiac hypertrophy, thromboembolism (saddle thrombosis)
Crazy Emaciated Cat’s Heart.
mdx? pathogenesis? Dz?
Mdx: biventricular cardiac hypertrophy
Dz: Hyperthyroidism
Pathogenesis: increased metabolic rate –> chronic tachycardia–> enlarged myocytes and high demand –> myocardial infarct
Cat.
Mdx? Dz? Associated lesions?
Mdx: Multifocal parathyroid hyperplasia
Dz: Primary/Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
Associated lesions: Metastatic calcification (kidney, gi mucosa, lungs, aortic intimal surface etc.), fibrous osteodystrophy
Adrenal Gland. Which Neoplasms is most likely?
Pheochromocytoma
Due to the red color
A cortical adenoma/adenocarcinoma wouls be more tan and greasy
Mdx?
Fibrous osteodystrophy
Due to renal deficiency, lack of Vit D (require UV exposure), high P diets (all meat)
Ferret. MDx? Benigns or Malignant?
Islet Cell Carcinoma- most likely a Malignant Insulinoma
