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Lab Final Flashcards

1
Q

in the fetal pig what sex has a urogenital opening beneath the papilla just superior to the anus?

A

female

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2
Q

what characteristics do all mammals have?

A

internal fertilization, nipples, hair, warm blooded

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3
Q

the esophagus connects the pharynx with which organs?

A

stomach

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4
Q

what is the hard portion of the roof of the mouth called?

A

hard pallet

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5
Q

what is the opening to the trachea called?

A

glottis

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6
Q

name the largest organ in the abdominal cavity.

A

liver

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7
Q

what structure separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity?

A

diaphragm

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8
Q

name the structure just dorsal of the thyroid gland.

A

trachea

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9
Q

what structure covers the glottis?

A

epiglottis

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10
Q

if a probe is placed through the glottis, it will enter what structure?

A

larynx

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11
Q

the heart is located in what major cavity?

A

thoracic

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12
Q

what other major organs are in the thoracic cavity?

A

the lungs

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13
Q

the stomach connects to what part of the small intestine?

A

duodenum

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14
Q

the pancreas belongs to what system of the body?

A

endocrine and digestive

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15
Q

where do air and food passages cross one another?

A

the pharynx

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16
Q

what organ releases bile?

A

gall bladder

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17
Q

what difficulty would most likely arise if a person was born without an epiglottis?

A

choking

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18
Q

a large portion of the abdominal cavity is taken up by digestive organs. which organs are these?

A

stomach, pancreas, small and large intestine, liver, gall bladder

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19
Q

the small intestine exists as a series of folds and coils. what might be the advantage of such a configuration?

A

more surface area for digestion and absorption

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20
Q

difficulty maintaining blood glucose levels, bile production, and the production of blood proteins might be associated with problems in what organ?

A

the liver

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21
Q

what is the function of the systemic system in relation to blood and cardiovascular?

A

to transport blood to the body; head, trunk, limbs

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22
Q

what is the function of the pulmonary system in relation to blood and cardiovascular?

A

to transport blood to the lungs for oxygen

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23
Q

what major artery and vein is located in the heart?

A

coronary artery and vein

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24
Q

what major artery an vein is located in the head?

A

carotid artery and jugular vein

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25
what major artery and vein is located in the arms?
subclavian artery and veins
26
what major artery and vein is located in the kidney?
renal artery and vein
27
what major artery and vein is located in the legs?
iliac artery and vein
28
what major artery and vein is located in the intestines?
mesenteric artery and hepatic portal vein
29
which structure in the urinary system carries urine to the bladder?
ureters
30
which structure in the urinary system receives urine from the bladder?
urethra
31
what portion of the urinary system carries sperm?
urethra
32
where are the testes located in human males?
scrotum
33
what is the function of the vas deferens?
conduct sperm
34
what is the function of the prostate gland?
secretion
35
where are the ovaries located?
abdominal pelvic cavity
36
what is the function of the uterus?
development of embryo and fetus
37
what is the function of the ovaries?
where eggs and hormones (estrogen and progesterone) are produced
38
the vas deferens in males compares to what structure in females?
oviduct
39
what organ in males is analogous to the vagina?
penis
40
where are sperm produced in the testes?
seminaris tubuoles
41
what structure in the ovary contains the developing oocyte?
vesicular follicle
42
name two glands that add fluid to semen after sperm reach the urethra.
bulborous gland and prostate gland
43
on the basis of anatomy, explain why the urethra is part of both the urinary and reproductive system in males?
because it carries urine and sperm
44
a vasectomy is a procedure in which both of the vas deferens are severed. why would such a procedure cause sterility?
it discontinues the transportation of sperm
45
the prostate is for __ of the sperm?
nutrition
46
bulborous gland is similar to what effect for sperm?
slip and slide
47
there are 4 pathways within the human body which are...
urine, egg, sperm and food/waste(pooh)
48
what are the 4 types of birth control?
hormonal, permanent, barrier and other
49
name a few types that would be considered a hormonal form of birth control and its function.
the pill, shot, patch, ring, implant. this form of birth control is to prevent ovulation; no egg is released
50
name a few types that would be considered a permanent method of birth control
vasectomy and tubal ligation
51
name a few types that would be considered as a barrier for birth control
condoms, diaphragm, sponge
52
what are some other forms of birth control?
abstinence, temperature, and IUD (copper or plastic)
53
during what stage of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
synthesis
54
name the phase of cell division during which separation of sister chromatids occur.
anaphase
55
by what process does the cytoplasm of a human cell separate?
cytokinesis
56
name the phase of cell division when duplicated chromosomes first appear
prophase
57
where in humans would you expect to find meiosis taking place?
ovaries/testes
58
if there are 13 pairs of homologues in a primary spermatocyte, how many chromosomes are there in a sperm?
13
59
what term refers to the production of an egg?
oogenesis
60
during which type of gametogenesis would you see polar bodies?
oogenesis
61
what do you call chromosomes that look alike and carry genes for the same traits?
homogylous
62
if homologues are separating, what phase is that?
anaphase 1
63
if the parental cell has 24 chromosomes, how many does each daughter cell have at the completion of meiosis II?
12
64
name the type of cell division during which homologues pair
meiosis
65
name the type of cell division described by 2n --> 2n
mitosis
66
does metaphase of mitosis, meiosis I, or meiosis II have the haploid number of chromosomes at the equator of the spindle?
meiosis II
67
meiosis functions to reduce chromosome number. when during the human life cycle is the diploid number of chromosomes restored?
fertilization
68
how does the alignment of chromosomes differ between metaphase of mitosis and metaphase of meiosis I?
1) individual chromosomes 2) chromosome pairs
69
what are the 3 ways in which there is randomness in meiosis?
1) crossing over - longer chromosomes are more likely to have more mixing than shorter ones. is random during synapses at prophase I. 2) the way the homologues/chromosomes pairs line up in metaphase I is random. 3) random which sperm fertilizes which random egg that has been ovulated. A variation in population
70
mary's father does not have freckles but mary does. what genotypes could mary's mother have?
heterozygous Ff, or homozygous dominant FF
71
what is the genotype of a man who has unattached earlobes but whose mother has attached earlobes?
heterozygous Uu
72
a cross gives a 3:1 phenotypic ratio. what are the genotypes of the parents?
heterozygous Aa
73
what does a geneticist construct to show the inheritance pattern of a genetic disorder within the family?
pedigree
74
the alleles of which parent, regardless of the pheotype, determine colour blindness in a son?
mother
75
if only males are affected in a pedigree chart, what is the likely inheritance pattern for the trait?
x-linked recessive
76
which cross gives the better chance of an offspring with the recessive phenotype? Aa x Aa OR Aa x aa
Aa x aa
77
mary has a widows peak but her sister has a smooth hairline. is either one of mary's parents homozygous dominant or recessive? (widows peak is a dominant trait)
homozygous recessive
78
both parents have attached earlobes (recessive). what percentage of children will have unattached earlobes?
0%
79
if only your mother had huntington disease (dominant) what are your chances of escaping the disorder which develops later in life?
50%
80
a woman is a carrier for hemophilia. what are the chances for sons with hemophilia if the father has hemophilia?
50%
81
a woman is a carrier for hemophilia. what are the chances for sons with hemophilia if the father does not have hemophilia?
50%
82
if the parents are not affected and a child is affected what is the inheritance pattern?
recessive
83
the parents are homozygous recessive for freckles. what are the chances the children will have freckles?
0%
84
a man has huntington disease (autosomal dominant). he cannot assume his mother passed him the gene? why not?
it is not sex-linked
85
a boy is a hemophiliac but his mother is not. what is her genotype?
heterozygous; XH Xh
86
the trait is autosomal recessive and the results of a cross are 1:1. using A=dominant and a=recessive, give the genotypes of the parents.
Aa + aa
87
give the genotype of a girl that is a hemophiliac
Xh Xh
88
a large organelle containing the chromosomes and acting as a control centre for the cells
nucleus
89
rod-shaped body in the nucleus seen during mitosis and meiosis that contains DNA and therefore the hereditary units or genes
chromosome
90
an organelle found inside the nucleus; composed largely of RNA for ribosome formation
nucleolus
91
microtubule structure that brings about chromosome movement during cell division
spindle
92
the two identical parts of a chromosome following DNA replication
chromatids
93
a constriction where duplicates (sister chromatids) of a chromosome are held together
centromere
94
the central microtubule-organizating centre of cells; consists of granular material; in animal cells, contains two centrioles
centrosome
95
a short cylindrical organelle in animal cells that contains microtubules and is associated with the formation of the spindle during cell division (*animal cells only)
centriole
96
short radiating fibres produced by the centrioles; important mitosis and meiosis (*animal cells only)
aster

BIOL104 (10 decks)

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