Lab Experiments 2 Flashcards
What are multiple levels of the IV?
Can have multiple experimental groups
IV has more than 3 levels
e.g. could be described as multiple levels of treatment
This can be qualitative or quantitative
Can have designs without control
How many comparisons can be made using multiple levels?
The more conditions, the more comparisons there are to be made
The more comparisons, the greater the likelihood of findings statistical significance
What are multiple DVs?
Multiple DVs
Allows us to measure similar concepts in different ways and to measures different concepts that are impacted by our IV
All ps must complete all DV measures regardless of design
The impact of having multiple measures on your ps should be considered
Latent roots: multiple DVs are combined statistically into smaller number of variables
What are factorial designs?
Two or more IVs (these can be true or quasi)
Each IV can have multiple levels
‘x’ sign used as ‘by’ and this lets us know the number of conditions
e.g. 3 x 2 factorial design would give us 6 conditions
What are subject variables?
Subject variables: e.g. gender, characteristics that can’t be independently manipulated
They are seen as IV if they cause variations in the DV
What is the placebo effect?
Clinical trials
Patients that thought they were receiving active medication but were actually receiving a bogus medication report similar improvement to those that had the real medication
What are experimenter effects?
Role of the researcher isn’t neutral or unbiased
Different characteristics of the researcher could effect the outcome like gender and race
Participants may be effected by the researcher
Researchers may also make errors that favour their hypothesis
What are demand characteristics?
Cues in an experimental situation can cause a participant to behave in a certain way
These cues are the demand characteristics
e.g. participants may understand the experimental hypothesis and therefore act in a way they hope the researcher would want
What is the experimenter expectancy effect?
Researchers unintentionally influence participants into behaving how the experimenter wants
What are single experimental designs?
One IV
One DV
2 levels
For within subject designs, how can the order be randomised for multiple level experiments?
All ps must complete all conditions so the order should be randomised
This way we can be sure that the order hasn’t influenced the responses
For multiple levels there are many different combinations. the Latin square and Counterbalancing are useful for randomising the orders
What’s a mixed design?
Mix between within and between subjects design
Complete some but not all conditions
Used in factorial designs
Random allocation and counterbalancing is important for this
What are the disadvantages of a mixed design?
- carry over effects
- practise effects
- confounding variables
