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Botany Lab > Lab Exercise 2 > Flashcards

Lab Exercise 2 Flashcards

1
Q

considered as plant allies

A

eubacteria

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2
Q

some of their members contributed to the endosymbiotic theory

A

eubacteria

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3
Q

members of eubacteria

A

-cyanobacteria
-chloroxybacteria/prochlorophytes

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4
Q

what is the endosymbiotic theory

A

the chloroplast lineage of plants

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5
Q

difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes

A

absence of some organelles in prokaryotes

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6
Q

what organelles are absent in prokaryotes?

A
  • nucleus
  • chloroplast
  • lysosomes
  • vacuoles
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7
Q

they are mostly unicellular, some may aggregate into colonial and filamentous form

A

prokaryotes

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8
Q

prokaryotic cells are enclosed by?

A

peptidoglycan cell and outer sheath (may be mucilaginous or rigid)

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9
Q

what are the parts of a prokaryotic cell

A
  • plasmalemma
  • centroplasm/nuclear zone
  • mesosomes
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10
Q

the cytoplasmic membrane that shows invaginations towards the cytoplasm

A

plasmalemma

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11
Q

invaginations towards the cytoplasm and responsible for respiration

A

mesosomes

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12
Q

encloses the centroplasm and peripheral zone

A

mesosomes

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13
Q

centrally located, nucleoid region

A

Centroplasm / nuclear zone

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13
Q

what do mesosomes use to enclose the cytoplasm

A

granular or lamellar structures

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14
Q

mode of reproduction in prokaryotes

A

asexual

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15
Q

asexual reproduction in prokaryotes

A
  • binary fission (unicellular and colonial)
  • fragmentation (filamentous)
  • spore formation
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16
Q

use light as energy source and chlorophyll as the main receptor pigment

A

photoautotrophs

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17
Q

what is the role of accessory photosynthetic pigments

A

broaden the range of light that can be used

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18
Q

who proposed the six-kingdom system of classification

A

Carl Woese

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19
Q

organisms in the kingdom eubacteria are

A

photosynthetic prokaryotes

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20
Q

cyanophyta

A

blue-green algae / cyanobacteria

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21
Q

prochlorophyta

A

prochlorophytes / chloroxybacteria

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22
Q

types of photosynthetic prokaryotes

A
  • Cyanobacteria (cyanophytes)
  • Chloroxybacteria (prochlorophytes)
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23
Q

cyanobacteria are photosynthetic mainly due to the presence of

A

chlorophyll a

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24
Q

color range of cyanobacteria

A

bright blue-green to golden brown

25
Q

forms of cyanobacteria

A

unicellular to colonial and filamentous

26
Q

accessory pigments of cyanobacteria

A

phycobilins

27
Q

composed of phycocyanin and phycoerythrin

A

phycobilins

28
Q

blue pigment

A

phycocyanin

29
Q

red pigment

A

phycoerythrin

30
Q

main accessory pigment is both chlorophyll a and b

A

chloroxybacteria (prochlorophytes)

31
Q

include unicellular, filamentous, free-living, or associated

A

Chloroxybacteria (prochlorophytes)

32
Q

unicellular marine form that grows on the surface of certain colonial ascidians; example of a Chloroxybacteria

A

Prochloron didemni

33
Q

Azolla pinnata frond is under the ?

A

cyanobacteria

34
Q

has a central ovoid cavity that houses the Anabaena azollae

A

Azolla pinnata frond

35
Q

chain-like organization of cells

A

Anabaena azollae

36
Q

yellowish or lighter green than the vegetative cells

A

heterocyst

37
Q

bigger, darker, more granulated than vegetative cells

A

akinetes

38
Q

resting spores and at the same time reproductive agents

A

akinetes

39
Q

parts of a cyanobacteria

A
  • heterocyst
  • akinetes
  • vegetative cells
40
Q

forms of a cyanobacteria

A

-unicellular and colonial
- filamentous

41
Q

aggregation of cells that divide only in one direction

A

trichome

42
Q

trichome and the enclosing gelatinous sheath

A

filament

43
Q

morphologically-alike cells in the filament

A

somatic cells

44
Q

homocystous filament

A

somatic cells

45
Q

dead cells that look like biconcave separation discs

A

necridia

46
Q

point of separation of a segment of the filament from the parent

A

necridia

47
Q

fragmented section or segemnts of filament (segments are motile for a while)

A

hormogonia

48
Q

gelatinous substance holding the colony together

A

colonial sheath

49
Q

glistening, spherical structure at the crosswall between the heterocyst and the adjacent cell

A

polar nodule

50
Q

what are the branching types

A
  • false branch
  • true branch
51
Q

initiated without cell division in a new plane

A

false branch

52
Q

trichomes or their hormogonia develop faster than the enclosing sheath, then rupture and grow through the stealth to stimulate a branch

A

false branch

53
Q

initiated by the division of certain cells in a new plane to the axial filament

A

true branch

54
Q

example of a chloroxybacteria / prochlorophyte

A

Prochloron didemni

55
Q

parts of a chloroxybacteria / prochlorophyte

A
  • cell wall
  • thylakoid
  • cytoplasm
56
Q

multi-layered; appears to lack an external sheath

A

cell wall

57
Q

wide, usually peripheral band; stacked usually in pairs; stacked lamellae from discontinuous bands

A

thylakoids

58
Q

appears to occupy two interconnected zones

A

cytoplasm

59
Q

zone that forms a narrow band

A

first zone

60
Q

zone that forms a matrix for the thylakoids

A

second zone

61
Q

parts of a filamentous cyanobacteria

A
  • trichome
  • filament
  • somatic cells
  • colonial sheath
  • hormogonia
  • necridia
  • polar nodule

Botany Lab (4 decks)

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