Lab Exam 3 - Surface Anatomy (Exercise 15)

Question 1

Surface anatomy of the head and neck. Define 1.

Answer 1

1. frontalis muscle

Lies over the forehead. Palpate the frontalis muscle with fingers while raising eyebrows.

Question 2

Surface anatomy of the head and neck. Define 2.

Answer 2

2. Zygomaticus major muscle

Originates on the the zygomatic bone and inserts on the corner of hte mouth. Palpate this muscle near the zygomatic bone while smiling.

Question 3

Surface anatomy of the head and neck. Define 3.

Answer 3

3. Mental Protuberance

Palpate this anterior tip of the chin

Question 4

Surface anatomy of the head and neck. Define 4.

Answer 4

4. Supraorbital margin

superior borders of the frontal bone that border the eye orbits. Palpate the supraorbital margins.

Question 5

Surface anatomy of the head and neck. Define 5.

Answer 5

5. Nasal bone

Forms the bridge of the nose. Place fingers along the bridge of the nose to feel nasal bones. Find the anterior border of the nasal bones and papate the nasal cartilage inferior to nasal bones.

Question 6

Surface anatomy of the head and neck. Define 6.

Answer 6

6. Body of mandible

Horizontal portion of the lower jawbone. Palpate this main part of the mandible that includes the chin.

Question 7

Surface anatomy of the head and neck. Define 7.

Answer 7

7. Temporalis muscle

Located superior to the ear. Palpate the temporalis muscle while closing the mouth and clenching your teeth.

Question 8

Surface anatomy of the head and neck. Define 8.

Answer 8

8. Occipitalis muscle

Lies over the inferior portion of the occipital bone. firmly palpate the posterior surface of the skull immediately above the neck as you raise and lower eyebrows.

Question 9

Surface anatomy of the head and neck. Define 9.

Answer 9

9. External occipital protuberance

Rounded projection superior to foramen magnum of the occipital bone. Palpate the base of the skull near the midline. Lateral to the external occipital protuberance are two curved ridges called the superior nuchal lines, which mark the boundary between the head and neck.

Question 10

Surface anatomy of the head and neck. Define 10.

Answer 10

10. Mastoid process

Rounded projection on the inferior portion of the temporal bone posterior to the ear. Palpate area of the skull inferior and posterior to external auditory meatus of ear.

Question 11

Surface anatomy of the head and neck. Define 11.

Answer 11

11. Ramus of Mandible

Verticle process of mandible. Palpate ramus inferior to the TMJ. The rounded condylar process (mandibular condyle) at the posterior portion of the ramus articulates with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone to form the TMJ.

Question 12

Surface anatomy of the head and neck. Define 12.

Answer 12

12. Temporomandibular joint

Located anterior to the external auditory meatus of the ear. Palpate the joint while opening and closing the mouth.

Question 13

Surface anatomy of the head and neck. Define 13.

Answer 13

13. Masseter muscle

Located anterior to ramus of the mandible. Palpate the masseter muscle while closing the mouth and clenching your teeth.

Question 14

Surface anatomy of the head and neck, continued. Define 1.

Answer 14

1. Common carotid artery

Located in the lateral neck between the trachea and the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Branch into the external and internal carotid arteries at the superior border of the larynx. Palpate the right common carotid artery by placing your fingers on the right side of the neck just lateral to the trachea.

Question 15

Surface anatomy of the head and neck, continued. Define 2.

Answer 15

2. Sternocleidomastoid muscle

Originates on the sternum and clavicle and inserts on the mastoid process of the temporal bone. Look into a mirror while turning your head to the side. Observe the sternocleidomastoid muscle and palpate the muscle.

Question 16

Surface anatomy of the head and neck, continued. Define 3.

Answer 16

3. Hyoid bone

Located in the anterior neck between the mandible and larynx. With the head in anatomical position, palpate the hyoid bone by placing the thumb and middle finger of one hand on either side of the neck about 1 inch inferior to the mandible. This bone can be moved laterally from side to side.

Question 17

Surface anatomy of the head and neck, continued. Define 4.

Answer 17

4. Thyroid cartilage

Largest cartilage of the larynx that has a prominence called the Adam’s apple. Located in anterior neck inferior to hyoid bone. Move fingers 1 inch inferiorly from the hyoid bone until a firm structure is reached. Swallow to feel this cartilage move superiorly.

Question 18

Surface anatomy of the head and neck, continued. Define 5.

Answer 18

5. Cricoid cartilage

Located inferior to the thyroid cartilage and used as a landmark when locating the trachea during a tracheostomy. Move your fingers down the thyroid cartilage. There is a depression between the thyroid cartilage and the cricoid cartilage. Palpate the cricoid cartilage inferior to this depression.

Question 19

Surface anatomy of the head and neck, continued. Define 6.

Answer 19

6. Trapezius muscle

Located in the posterior and lateral neck. Inflammation of trapezius muscle may result in “stiff neck.” Place fingers on the posterior portion of the lateral neck and palpate while flexing and extending the neck.

Question 20

Surface anatomy of the head and neck, continued. Define 7.

Answer 20

7. Suprasternal (jugular) notch

Located at the base of the neck between the sternal heads of the sternocleidomastoid muscles and just superior to the sternum. Palpate the sternum and move the fingers superiorly to feel the suprasternal notch.

Question 21

Surface Anatomy of the Trunk. Define 1.

Answer 21

1. Manubrium of sternum

Superior part of the sternum between the suprasternal notch and body of the sternum. Palpate by placing fingers at suprasternal notch and moving them inferiorly until a ridge (sternal angle) is reached.

Question 22

Surface Anatomy of the Trunk. Define 2.

Answer 22

2. Sternal angle

Raised area that can be felt at border of manubrium and sternum.

Question 23

Surface Anatomy of the Trunk. Define 3.

Answer 23

3. Pectoralis major muscle

Major muscle of the chest. In males, the inferior border can be observed as a curved line under the breasts. This line is at the level of the fifth rib. Bend over your lab bench and push yourself up with one limb. Use your opposite hand to palpate the pectoralis major muscle.

Question 24

Surface Anatomy of the Trunk. Define 4.

Answer 24

4. Serratus anterior muscle

Located on the lateral chest wall, extending from the ribs under the arm to the scapula. Flex your forearm and abduct your elbow. Use your opposite hand to palpate the serratus anterior muscle as it abducts the scapula. If you move too far posteriorly, you will be palpating the latissimus dorsi instead.

Question 25

Surface Anatomy of the Trunk. Define 5.

Answer 25

5. Body of sternum

Question 26

Surface Anatomy of the Trunk. Define 6.

Answer 26

6. Xiphisternal joint

Joint between body of the sternum and xiphoid process of the sternum.

Question 27

Surface Anatomy of the Trunk. Define 7.

Answer 27

7. Xiphoid process of sternum

Question 28

Surface Anatomy of the Trunk. Define 8.

Answer 28

8. Costal margin

Anterior edge of costal cartilage of ribs 7-10

Question 29

Surface Anatomy of the Back. Define 1.

Answer 29

1. Trapezius muscle

Large muscle of the posterior neck and middle of back.

Question 30

Surface Anatomy of the Back. Define 2.

Answer 30

2. Infraspinatus muscle

Located inferior to the spine of the scapula. Palpate area inferior to the spine of the scapula to feel this muscle.

Question 31

Surface Anatomy of the Back. Define 3.

Answer 31

3. Teres major muscle

Located inferior to the infraspinatus muscle

Question 32

Surface Anatomy of the Back. Define 4.

Answer 32

4. Erector spinae muscle

Large muscle of lower back. Bend over and palpate this muscle while extending the vertebral column.

Question 33

Surface Anatomy of the Back. Define 5.

Answer 33

5. Spinous process of vertebrae

Question 34

Surface Anatomy of the Back. Define 6.

Answer 34

6. Vertebral border of scapula

Question 35

Surface Anatomy of the Back. Define 7.

Answer 35

7. Triangle of auscultation

Triangular region of the back formed by the latissimus dorsi, trapezius, and vertebral border of scapula. This region is not covered by superficial muscles enabling respiratory sounds to be heard with a stethoscope.

Question 36

Surface Anatomy of the Back. Define 8.

Answer 36

8. Latissimus dorsi muscle

Broad muscle located between the lumbar region and axillary region. Together with teres major muscle forms the posterior axillary fold.

Question 37

Surface Anatomy of the Abdomen. Define 1.

Answer 37

1. Rectus abdominis muscle

Longitudinal muscles lateral to the linea alba. Lie back in your chair and palpate these muscles as you sit up.

Question 38

Surface Anatomy of the Abdomen. Define 2.

Answer 38

2. External oblique muscle

Inferior to serratus anterior muscles. Palpate while twisting trunk toward the opposite side.

Question 39

Surface Anatomy of the Abdomen. Define 3.

Answer 39

3. Iliac crest

Marks the inferior border of the abdomen. Palpate the iliac crest by placing your hands on your hips.

Question 40

Surface Anatomy of the Abdomen. Define 4.

Answer 40

4. Anterior superior iliac spine

Located at the anterior end of the iliac crest. Palpate the iliac crest with your fingers and move your fingers medially until you feel the “bump” at the anterior end of the iliac crest.

Question 41

Surface Anatomy of the Abdomen. Define 5.

Answer 41

5. Serratus anterior muscle

Question 42

Surface Anatomy of the Abdomen. Define 6.

Answer 42

6. Linea alba

Tendinous raphe between the xiphoid process and public symphysis forming a verticle groove along the midline. This is a common incision site because there is little damage to muscles and little bleeding.

Question 43

Surface Anatomy of the Abdomen. Define 7.

Answer 43

7. Tendinous intersection

Transverse grooves across rectur abdominis muscles that are observable in muscular individuals

Question 44

Surface Anatomy of the Abdomen. Define 8.

Answer 44

8. Linea semilunaris

Lateral margin of rectus abdominis that is observable in lean people as a groove.

Question 45

Surface Anatomy of the Abdomen. Define 9.

Answer 45

9. Umbilibus

Most notable feature of the abdomen and a common incision site. (Belly button)

Question 46

Surface Anatomy of the Abdomen. Define 10.

Answer 46

10. McBurney’s point

The appendix is deep to McBurney’s point, which is located along the line between the umbilicus and the right anterior superior iliac spine. THe most common site of incision for an appendectomy.

Question 47

Surface anatomy of the shoulder. Define 1.

Answer 47

1. Acromion of scapula

Question 48

Surface anatomy of the shoulder. Define 2.

Answer 48

2. Spine of scapula

Question 49

Surface anatomy of the shoulder. Define 3.

Answer 49

3. Deltoid muscle

Question 50

Surface anatomy of the shoulder. Define 4.

Answer 50

4. Clavicle

Question 51

Surface anatomy of the shoulder. Define 5.

Answer 51

5. Greater tubercle of humerus

Question 52

Surface anatomy of the arm and elbow. Define 1.

Answer 52

1. biceps brachii muscle

Question 53

Surface anatomy of the arm and elbow. Define 2.

Answer 53

2. tendon of the biceps brachii muscle

Question 54

Surface anatomy of the arm and elbow. Define 3.

Answer 54

3. groove for brachial artery

Question 55

Surface anatomy of the arm and elbow. Define 4.

Answer 55

4. olecranon of ulna

Question 56

Surface anatomy of the arm and elbow. Define 5.

Answer 56

5. medial epicondyle of humerus

Question 57

Surface anatomy of the arm and elbow. Define 6.

Answer 57

6. triceps brachii muscle

Question 58

Surface anatomy of the arm and elbow, continued. Define 1 and 2.

Answer 58

1. biceps brachii muscle
2. Triceps brachii muscle

Question 59

Surface anatomy of the arm and elbow, continued. Define 3 and 4.

Answer 59

3. olecranon of ulna
4. lateral epicondyle of humerus

Question 60

Surface anatomy of the elbow. Define 1 and 2.

Answer 60

1. cephalic vein

This superficial vein can be viewed on the lateral side of the anterior forearm and ascends to the arm.

2. cubital fossa

This triangular-shaped concavity is on the anterior surface of the elbow joint

Question 61

Surface anatomy of the elbow. Define 3 and 4.

Answer 61

3. Brachioradialis muscle

As its name indicates, this muscle originates on the distal arm, borders the lateral side of the cubital fossa, and extends to the proximal forearm to insert on the radius.

4. Cephalic vein

This superficial vein can be viewed on the lateral side of the anterior forearm and ascends to the arm.

Question 62

Surface anatomy of the elbow. Define 5 and 6.

Answer 62

5. Basilic vein

Superficial vein seen on the medial side of the anterior forearm and ascends to the arm.

6. Median cubital vein

Superficial vein that diagonally crosses the anterior surface of the elbow in the cubital fossa. This vein connects the lateral cephalic vein with the medial basilica vein. Typical site for drawing blood.

Question 63

Surface anatomy of the buttocks. Define 1 and 2.

Answer 63

1. Sacrum
2. Greater trochanter

Question 64

Surface anatomy of the buttocks. Define 3 and 4.

Answer 64

3. coccyx
4. ischial tuberosity

Question 65

Surface anatomy of the buttocks. Define 5 and 6.

Answer 65

5. Iliac crest
6. Gluteus maximus muscle

Question 66

Surface anatomy of the buttocks. Define 7 and 8.

Answer 66

7. Gluteus maximus muscle
8. gluteal cleft

Question 67

Surface Anatomy of the anterior surface of the thigh. Define 1 and 2.

Answer 67

1. Femoral triangle
2. sartorius muscle

Question 68

Surface Anatomy of the anterior surface of the thigh. Define 3 and 4.

Answer 68

3. Adductor longus muscle
4. rectus femoris muscle

Question 69

Surface Anatomy of the anterior surface of the thigh. Define 5, 6, and 7.

Answer 69

5. Gracilis muscle
6. vastus lateralis muscle
7. vastus medialis muscle

Question 70

Surface Anatomy of the knee. Define 1 and 2.

Answer 70

1. semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscles
2. biceps femoris muscle

Question 71

Surface Anatomy of the knee. Define 3, 4, and 5.

Answer 71

3. Biceps femoris tendon
4. popliteal fossa
5. tendon of semitendinosus

Question 72

Surface Anatomy of the Knee, Cont. Define 1 and 2.

Answer 72

1. Lateral condyle of femur
2. patella

Question 73

Surface Anatomy of the Knee, Cont. Define 3 and 4.

Answer 73

3. Lateral condyle of tibia
4. medial condyle of femur

Question 74

Surface Anatomy of the Knee, Cont. Define 5, 6, and 7.

Answer 74

5. Medial condyle of tibia
6. patellar ligament
7. tibial tuberosity

Question 75

Surface Anatomy of the Lower Limb. Define 1 and 2.

Answer 75

1. fibularis longus muscle
2. patella

Question 76

Surface Anatomy of the Lower Limb. Define 3, 4, and 5.

Answer 76

3. tibialis anterior muscle
4. lateral malleolus of fibula
5. medial malleolus of tibia

Question 77

Surface anatomy of lower limb, continued. Define 1 and 2.

Answer 77

1. Gastrocnemius muscle
2. soleus muscle

Question 78

Surface anatomy of lower limb, continued. Define 3 and 4.

Answer 78

3. calcaeal (achilles) tendon
4. calcaneus