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Geology 1040 > Lab exam 2 > Flashcards

Lab exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Stratigraphy

A

observations of rocks is to study rock layers

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2
Q

Unconformities

A

are the rock layers incomplete or gaps

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3
Q

Angular Unconformity

A

tilted sediments or sedimentary rock, period of erosion between the tilting of the older rock a deposition of the younger sediments

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4
Q

Nonconformity

A
  • sediments deposited on top of igneous or metamorphic rock
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5
Q

Disconformity

A

parallel layers of sediments with a gap in time

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6
Q

Relative Age Dating

A

form of dating to determine the age of one rock or event relative to another rock or event.

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7
Q

Principe or original horizontality

A

Sedimentary rocks were as horizontal layers

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8
Q

Principle of Superposition

A

sedimentary rocks are deposited with the oldest on the bottom and youngest on top

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9
Q

Principle of Continuity-

A

sedimentary rocks are deposited in wide spread sheet like deposit its

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10
Q

Principle of cross-cutting relations

A

if a geologic feature cuts another feature then it is younger than the rock/feature it is cutting

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11
Q

Principle of inclusion-

A

rock clasts are older than the layer that contains them

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12
Q

Absolute age dating

A

is the actual time that the rock formed often expressed in years before the present.

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13
Q

Radioactive isotopes

A

decay spontaneously to other isotopes and various forms of energy

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14
Q

parent

A

Starting isotope is

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15
Q

daughter

A

Decay products

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16
Q

Half-life

A

is the amount of time it takes for one half of a given amount of parent atoms to decay to daughter

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17
Q

Steep slope of decay relations

A

exponential decay

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18
Q

Seismic waves

A

elastic vibrations that travel through a body waves or along the surface.

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19
Q

Body waves

A

further classified into S and P waves

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20
Q

S-waves

A

cause the material to vibrate wave motion, up and down slower

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21
Q

P-waves

A

side to side, fast side to side

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22
Q

P waves travel

A

through solid/denser materials faster because the molecules are closer together

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23
Q

Direct wave

A
  • wave that travels through the material parallel to the surface
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24
Q

Incident wave

A

angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence

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25
Q

Critical refracted wave

A

beds parallel to the layer travels along the boundary

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26
Q

Geophones

A

generate a small electric current when shaken attached to semiograph

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27
Q

Direct

A

has the shorter distance

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28
Q

Elastic

A

refractive

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29
Q

nelastic

A

direct wave

30
Q

Map

A

representation of a portion of the earth’s surface drawn to some scale

31
Q

Location

A

title portion of Earth’s surface

32
Q

Direction-

A

orientation of the map

33
Q

6 essential pieces of information

A

location, direction, scale, date, legend, and source

34
Q

Scale

A

how much of the earth’s surface is portrayed on the map

35
Q

Graphic scale

A

visually show the distance on the map corresponding to the distance on the ground

36
Q

Verbal scale

A

distance ration is expressed in works

37
Q

Ratio-

A

distance ration is expressed as a ratio

38
Q

Date

A

feature can change

39
Q

Legend-

A

explains the symbols

40
Q

Source

A

indicates what individual, group, or agency produced the map

41
Q

Topo

A

shows the 3-ed geometry of the Earth’s surface in 2-D

42
Q

Elevation

A

or the distance above or below sea level

43
Q

Contour lines

44
Q

Hill

A

cookie cutters

45
Q

Ridge-

A

increase earth’s orbit

46
Q

Depression

A

bull eyes lowest in venter and hachure marks

47
Q

Valley

A

v shape pinging in the uphill direction

48
Q

Rule of Vs

A

pointing towards uphill and upstream direction

49
Q

Geologic map

A

portraying the distribution of rock units at the earth’s surface

50
Q

Vertical cross sections

A

represent the view seen on a vertical slice through the earth

51
Q

Contacts

A

lines separating different rock unites

52
Q

Attitude-

A

orientation of the strata

53
Q

Strike

A

online of the symbol parallel to the contacts between rock units

54
Q

Dip

A
  • short line pointing in the direction
55
Q

Horizontal strata

A
  • principle of original horizontality,
56
Q

Planar dipping strata

A
  • non horizontal attitude of dipping strata indicate the strata has been tilted
57
Q

Folded strata-

A

strata have been bent by compressional forces acting within the earth

58
Q

Limbs-

A

on either side of the hold

59
Q

Hinge

A

center of the fold

60
Q

Horizontal folds

A

strata are folded the hinge will remain parallel to the earht’s surface-

61
Q

Plunging folds

A
  • inclined to some angle
62
Q

Anticline

A

A oldest in the center

63
Q

Syncline-

A

youngest center

64
Q

Faulted

A

caused by compressional, extensional, or shear forces

65
Q

Compression-

A

horizontal forces are towards away

66
Q

Extension

A

horizontal forces acre directed away

67
Q

Shear-

68
Q

Normal

A

hanging wall moved down

69
Q

Reverse

A

hanging wall moved up

70
Q

Strike slip

A

horizontal direction

Geology 1040 (4 decks)

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