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Botany > Lab exam #2 > Flashcards

Lab exam #2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of roots?

A
  • obtain nutrients and water
  • anchor the plant in substratum
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2
Q

What is the function of shoots?

A

composed of stems and leaves
- site of photosynthesis and reproduction

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3
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A
  • provide protection
  • provide structure
  • prevent excessive uptake of water
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4
Q

What is lignin?

A

a hardening substance found in the secondary cell wall of sclerenchyma cells

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5
Q

Where is the apical meristem of a root located?

A

just inside the root cap

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6
Q

Where is the vascular cylinder found?

A

center of a root

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7
Q

Where is the cortex of a root?

A

surrounding the vascular cylinder

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8
Q

Where are apical meristems located?

A
  • tip of a root and tip of a shoot
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9
Q

What process occurs at the apical meristem?

A

mitosis

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10
Q

Why is the primary cell wall of young plants thin and flexible?

A

because it does not contain lignin

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11
Q

What are parenchyma cells?

A
  • least specialized ground tissue
  • possess a primary cell wall but not secondary
  • perform photosynthesis and other metabolic functions
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12
Q

What are collenchyma cells?

A
  • provide support for young parts of plant
  • only has primary cell wall, no secondary
  • unevenly thickened cell wall (think celery strings)
  • at maturity they are living, flexible, and can elongate with growing plant
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13
Q

What are sclerenchyma cells?

A
  • dead at maturity
  • before protoplasts die a secondary cell wall is produced containing lignin
  • sclerenchyma provides structure and support
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14
Q

What type of cells causes the grittiness in a pear?

A

sclerenchyma cells

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15
Q

What are sclereids?

A

a type of sclerenchyma cell
causes grittiness in fruit

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16
Q

What types of cells is xylem composed of?

A

parenchyma (storage)
sclerenchyma (support)
tracheid (support & water conduction)
vessel elements (water conduction)

17
Q

What types of cells is phloem composed of?

A

parenchyma (photosynthesis & storage)
sclerenchyma (support)
sieve-tube elements (conduction)
companion cells (metabolic support for sieve-tube elements)

18
Q

Where is vascular cambium located?

A

between primary xylem and primary phloem

19
Q

What is a lumen, and where is it located?

A

a hole/cavity in the center of a type of ground tissue. ex. hole in center of sclereids of a pear

20
Q

What is a vascular bundle?

A

bundles that contain xylem and phloem
found in stems

21
Q

What is epidermal tissue?

A
  • the outer most tissue on a plant
  • tightly packed cells
  • single layer
22
Q

What type of tissue are root hairs?

A

extensions of some epidermal cells
they enhance absorption of watr

23
Q

What are stomata?

A

pores used for gas exchange
CO2 in, O2 out

24
Q

What is the purpose of roots?

A
  • to anchor plant
  • to absorb water and minerals
25
Q

What is the aerial portion of a plant?

A

stem & leaves

26
Q

What are the function of trichomes?

A
  • similar to root hairs but on stems and leaves
  • protect plant from water loss
  • protect plant from insects
27
Q

What is a quick way to know you are looking at a root cross section, vs a shoot cross section under a microscope?

A
  • the ring of endodermic tissue around the vascular cylinder
28
Q

What is a vascular cylinder?

A
  • vascular tissue (xylem & phloem) in the center of a root
29
Q

What is endodermis?

A
  • ring of tissue around a vascular cylinder
  • suberin wax
  • allows water to only move in one way
  • the passageway cells allow for movement of water into the vascular cylinder
30
Q

What is stored in the cortex?

A
  • reserve foods, carbohydrates
31
Q

What types of cells make up the cortex?

A
  • parenchyma
  • sclerenchyma
32
Q

What is the function of suberin wax in the endodermis?

A
  • insoluble lipid polymer that makes the endodermis impermeable to water
33
Q

What are casparian strips?

A
  • layer of suberin around the endodermal cells
34
Q

What is the function of the pericycle?

A
  • is the lateral meristem and will increase root diameter and give rise to lateral roots
35
Q

Where are the majority of passageway cells found?

A

endodermis - allows for movement of water into the vascular cylinder

Botany (4 decks)

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