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Botany > Key terms for midterm > Flashcards

Key terms for midterm Flashcards

1
Q

sporophyte

A

diploid stage in the plant life cycle (produces sporocytes)

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2
Q

sporophyll

A

a leaf that produces spores (remember ‘phyll’ means leaf)

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3
Q

sporangium

A

an enclosure where spores are formed

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4
Q

spores

A

reproductive cell

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5
Q

sporocyte

A

spore making cell (produces spores)

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6
Q

capsule

A

where sporangia is housed (sporophyte stage)

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7
Q

seta

A

stalk of a bryophyte sporophyte. connects sporophyte to gametophyte

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8
Q

gametophyte

A

sexual phase in the life cycle of plants

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9
Q

gametangia

A

organ or cell where gametes are produced

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10
Q

archegonia

A

female reproductive organ in mosses or ferns

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11
Q

antheridia

A

male reproductive organ in mosses or ferns

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12
Q

protonema

A

thread like chain of cells that form the earliest stage of gametophyte development in mosses

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13
Q

homosporous

A

producing one kind of spore only

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14
Q

heterosporous

A

produce male and female spores

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15
Q

strobili

A

cones. sporangia bearing structures

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16
Q

bryophytes

A

seedless non vascular plants

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17
Q

polypodiophytes

A

seedless vascular plants

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18
Q

gymnosperms

A

seed bearing vascular plants. (naked seed)

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19
Q

angiosperms

A

seed bearing vascular plants (flowering plants) (container seed)

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20
Q

monocots

A

single cotyledon on seed. flower in multiples of 3

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21
Q

dicots or eudicots

A

two cotyledon on seed. flower in multiples of 4 or 5

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22
Q

receptacle

A

where all flower whorls are attached

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23
Q

perianth

A

collective of calyx (sepals) and corolla (petals)

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24
Q

sepals

A

outer whorl on a flower (collectively known as calyx)

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25
Q

petals

A

2nd whorl from outside of flower (collectively known as corolla)

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26
Q

stamen (aka androecium)

A

pollen producing part of flower (male)
(Filament and anther)

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27
Q

pistil (aka gynoecium)

A

ovary and seed producing part of flower (female)
(Stigma style ovary)

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28
Q

calyx

A

collective of all the sepals on a flower

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29
Q

corolla

A

collective of all the petals on a flower

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30
Q

ovary

A

houses ovules

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31
Q

ovule

A

organ that forms seeds in a flower

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32
Q

antipodal cells

A

cells inside ovary. makes up 3 of the 8 cells. function unknown, degenerate after fertilization

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33
Q

polar nuclei / central cell nuclei

A

the cells which one of the 2 sperm cells fuses with. forms the triploid endosperm. (3)

34
Q

syndergids

A

cells lying adjacent to egg in a flower, provide tube guidance

35
Q

imbibition

A

uptake of water through a membrane

36
Q

radicle

A

embryonic root

37
Q

plumule

A

embryonic shoot. tip of epicotyl that gives rise to leaves

38
Q

epicotyl

A

part of seedling that lies above the cotyledons when plant begins to emerge post germination

39
Q

hypocotyl

A

stem of germinating seedling. below the cotyledons and above the radicle (root)

40
Q

cotyledons

A

supplies nutrition to embryo

41
Q

meristem

A

type of tissue found in plants. capable of growth and division

42
Q

endosperm

A

food source for developing sporophyte embryo. in gymnosperms it is haploid. in angiosperms it is triploid.

43
Q

coleorhiza

A

sheath protecting the root on grasses. covers radicle and root tip

44
Q

coleoptile

A

sheath protecting the root on grasses. covers plumule

45
Q

protoderm

A

dermal tissue. thin outer layer of meristem in embryos and growing points of roots and shoots. gives rise to epidermis

46
Q

ground meristem

A

Pith, cortex. basic primary tissue of the growing tip of root or stem. forms ground tissue. parenchyma, sclerenchyma and collenchyma

47
Q

procambium

A

meristematic tissue that provides primary xylem and primary phloem

48
Q

cuticle

A

protecting film on outside of leaf

49
Q

pith

A

spongy white tissue in the centre of stems. also the white part of oranges

50
Q

cortex

A

ground tissue. surrounds the vascular tissue in the centre of a root

51
Q

parenchyma

A

Photosynthesis. least specialized. thin walled with space for CO2. perform photosynthesis, storage

52
Q

sclerenchyma

A

dead at maturity. before protoplast dies a secondary wall is produced that contains lignin.

53
Q

collenchyma

A

provides support. think celery strand pieces

54
Q

vascular cambium

A

produces secondary xylem and secondary phloem

55
Q

cork cambium

A

produces cork and secondary cortex

56
Q

intercalary

A

occurs on the internodes. only in monocot stems

57
Q

root hair

A

extension of epidermal cells that enhance water absorption

58
Q

trichome

A

epidermal cells of stems and leaves

59
Q

stomata

A

present in epidermal layer. pores used for gas exchange

60
Q

lignin

A

enhances plant wall rigidity

61
Q

sclereids

A

thickened sclerenchyma cells

62
Q

fibers

A

found in cortex, pericycle, xylem and phloem. provides mechanical strength

63
Q

pits

A

water transport (tracheids)

64
Q

perforated plates

A

water transport (vessels)

65
Q

sieve tube members

A

living cells that do not contain nucleus. transport carbohydrates throughout the plant

66
Q

companion cells

A

keep sieve tube alive

67
Q

axillary bud

A

embryonic shoot on the axil of a leaf

68
Q

axil

A

space between leaf and stem

69
Q

blade

A

‘leafy’ part of a leaf

70
Q

petiole

A

‘stem’ part on a leaf

71
Q

node

A

area on a stem where buds are located

72
Q

internode

A

space between 2 nodes

73
Q

epidermis

A

composed of a single layer of tightly packed cells. usually has a waxy cuticle so it helps prevent water loss. protection

74
Q

suberin

A

physical barrier. prevents water loss. aids in wound healing

75
Q

pericycle

A

heterogeneous non vascular tissue that is divided into two populations. one at xylem pole and one at phloem pole.

76
Q

stipules

A

kind of like a thorn on a stem

77
Q

xylem

A

vascular tissue that transports water upwards

78
Q

phloem

A

vascular tissue that transports nutrients throughout the plant

79
Q

mesophyll

A

inner tissue of a leaf

80
Q

palisade

A

right below epidermis and cuticle. right above mesophyll.

81
Q

spongy meosphyll

A

inner tissue covered by a thin layer of water

Botany (4 decks)

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