Lab Exam 1 - AOIs Flashcards
Obliques (external and internal)
Muscle group - Abdominal wall
Action - Compression of abdomen, flexion, and rotation of trunk
Origin - Ribs (external), iliac crest (internal)
Insertion - Iliac crest (external), ribs (internal);
Both
Transverse abdominis
Muscle group - Abdominal wall
Action - Compression of abdomen
Origin - Ribs and iliac crest
Insertion - Linea alba
Both
Rectus abdominus
Muscle group - Abdominal wall
Action - Flexion of trunk; compression of abdominal wall
Origin - Public crest
Insertion - Xiphoid process and ribs (5-7)
Both
Intercostals (external and internal)
Muscle group - Breathing muscles
Action - Elevation and depression of ribs
Origin - Superior border of ribs (external); inferior border of ribs (internal)
Insertion - Inferior border of ribs (external); superior border of ribs (internal)
Both
Diaphragm
Muscle group - Breathing muscles
Action - Opens thoracic cavity for lungs during inhalation
Origin - Ribs (5-10) and lumbar vertebrae
Insertion - Central tendon
Both
Frontalis
Muscle group - Muscles of the scalp
Action - Raises eyebrows
Origin - Epicranial aponeurosis
Insertion - Skin of eyebrows and root of nose
Human
Occipitalis
Muscle group - Muscles of the scalp
Action - Pulls scalp posteriorly
Origin - Occipital bone
Insertion - Epicranial aponeurosis
Human
Temporalis
Muscle group - Mastication
Action - Closes jaw; retracts mandible
Origin - Temporal fossa
Insertion - Coronoid process (mandible)
Human
Masseter
Muscle group - Mastication
Action - Closes jaw
Origin - Zygomatic arch
Insertion - Angle and ramus (mandible)
Both
Zygomaticus
Muscle group - Facial expression
Action - Elevates corners of mouth
Origin - Zygomatic bone
Insertion - Corner of mouth
Human
Buccinator
Muscle group - Facial expression
Action - Compression of cheek
Origin - Molar region (maxilla and mandible)
Insertion - Orbicularis oris
Human
Platysma
Muscle group - Facial expression
Action - Tenses skin of neck; depression of lower lip
Origin - Fascia of chest
Insertion - Mandible and corner of mouth
Human
Orbicular oculi
Muscle group - Facial expression
Action - Closes eyes
Origin - Frontal bone and maxilla
Insertion - Eyelids
Human
Orbicular oris
Muscle group - Facial expression
Action - Closes and protrudes lips
Origin - Maxilla and mandible
Insertion - Angles of mouth
Human
Levator labii superioris
Muscle group - Facial expression
Action - Elevation of upper lip
Origin - Zygomatic bone and infraorbital margin (maxilla)
Insertion - Upper lip
Human
Depressor labii inferioris
Muscle group - Facial expression
Action - Depression of lower lip
Origin - Body of mandible
Insertion - Lower lip
Human
Sternocleidomastoid
Muscle group - Anterolateral neck
Action - Flexion and rotation of neck
Origin - Manubrium and clavicle
Insertion - Mastoid process (temporal bone)
Both
Scalenes
Muscle group - Anterolateral neck
Action - Elevation of ribs 1 & 2; rotation of neck
Origin - Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae (C3-C7)
Insertion - Ribs 1-2
Both
Serratus anterior
Muscle group - Anterior thorax
Action - Abduction and rotation of scapula
Origin - True ribs
Insertion - Medial border (scapula)
Both
Rhomboids
Muscle group - Anterior thorax
Action - Adduction and elevation of scapula
Origin - Spinous processes of vertebrae (C7-T5)
Insertion - Medial border (scapula)
Both
Splenius
Muscle group - Intrinsic muscles of back
Action - Rotation of head; extension of neck
Origin - Spinous processes of vertebrae (C7-T6)
Insertion - Temporal and occipital bone
Both
Diagastric
Muscle group - Anterior neck (Suprahyoid)
Action - Elevation of hyoid; opens mouth
Origin - Lower margin (mandible); mastoid process (temporal bone)
Insertion - Hyoid bone
Both
Mylohyoid
Muscle group - Anterior neck (Suprahyoid)
Action - Elevation of hyoid and floor of mouth
Origin - Medial surface (mandible)
Insertion - Hyoid bone
Both
Geniohyoid
Muscle group - Anterior neck (Suprahyoid)
Action - Elevation and protraction of hyoid bone
Origin - Mental tubercle
Insertion - Hyoid bone
Both
Sternohyoid
Muscle group - Anterior neck (Infrahyoid)
Action - Depression of hyoid and larynx
Origin - Manubrium (sternum)
Insertion - Hyoid bone
Both
Sternothyroid
Muscle group - Anterior neck (Infrahyoid)
Action - Depression of hyoid and larynx
Origin - Manubrium (sternum)
Insertion - Thyroid cartilage
Both
Thyrohyoid
Muscle group - Anterior neck (Infrahyoid)
Action - Depression of hyoid; elevation of larynx
Origin - Thyroid cartilage
Insertion - Hyoid bone
Both
Abdominal wall
External obliques
Internal obliques
Transverse abdominis
Rectus abdominis
Common action is compression of abdomen
Breathing muscles
External and internal intercostals - muscle fibers have different orientation
Diaphragm
Diaphragm
Large, dome-shaped muscle
Main muscle used for breathing
Contraction - inhalation and diaphragm moves downward (flattens out to make space for abdominal cavity)
Relaxation - exhalation and diaphragm relaxes (returns to dome-shape)
Muscles of head
Muscles of scalp - frontalis, occipitalis
Mastication - temporalis, masseter
Facial expression
Zygomaticus
Buccinator
Platysma
Orbicular oris
Orbicular oculi
Levator labii superioris
Depressor labii inferioris
Anterolateral neck
Sternocleidomastoid
Scalenes
Common motion is rotation of neck
Anterior thorax
Anterior thorax - serratus anterior, rhomboids; both act on scapula
Intrinsic muscles of back - splenius; rotation of head and extension of neck
Anterior neck
Suprahyoid - digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid; common action is elevation of hyoid
Infrahyoid - sternohyoid, sternohyoid, thyrohyoid; common action is depression of hyoid
Pectoralis major
Muscle group - Muscles crossing shoulder joint
Action - Adducts, flexes, and medially rotates arm
Origin - Clavicle, sternum, and ribs
Insertion - Humerus (intertubercular sulcus)
Both
Latissimus dorsi
Muscle group - Muscles crossing shoulder joint
Action - Adducts, extends and medially rotates arm
Origin - Scapula, vertebral column, and iliac crest
Insertion - Humerus (intertubercular sulcus)
Both
Deltoid
Muscle group - Muscles crossing shoulder joint
Action - Abducts, flexes, and rotates arm medially and laterally
Origin - Clavicle and scapula
Insertion - Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Both
Trapezius
Muscle group - Posterior thorax
Action - Adducts and rotates scapula; elevation and depression of scapula
Origin - Superior nuchal line of occipital bone and vertebral column
Insertion - Lateral clavicle and scapular spine and acromion
Both
Levator scapulae
Muscle group - Posterior thorax
Action - Elevation of scapula, lateral neck flexion
Origin - Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae (C1-C4)
Insertion - Medial border (scapula)
Both
Pectoralis minor
Muscle group - Anterior thorax
Action - Stabilizes, abducts, and rotates scapula
Origin - Ribs 3-5
Insertion - Scapula (coracoid process)
Both
Subscapularis
Muscle group - Shoulder joint
Rotator cuff muscle
Action - Medial rotation of arm, stabilizes humerus head in glenoid cavity
Origin - Subscapular fossa of scapula
Insertion - Lesser tubercle of humerus
Both
Infraspinatus
Muscle group - Shoulder joint
Rotator cuff muscle
Action - Lateral rotation of arm, stabilizes humerus head in glenoid cavity
Origin - Infraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion - Greater tubercle of humerus
Both
Supraspinatus
Muscle group - Shoulder joint
Rotator cuff muscle
Action - Abduction of arm, stabilizes humerus head in glenoid cavity
Origin - Supraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion - Greater tubercle of humerus
Both
Teres minor
Muscle group - Shoulder joint
Rotator cuff muscle
Action - Lateral rotation and adduction of arm, stabilizes humerus head in glenoid cavity
Origin - Lateral border of scapula
Insertion - Greater tubercle of humerus
Both
Teres major
Muscle group - Shoulder joint
Action - Medial rotation, adduction, and extension of arm
Origin - Inferior angle and lateral border of scapula
Insertion - Intertubercular sulcus of humerus
Both
Coracobrachialis
Muscle group - Shoulder joint
Action - Flexion and adduction of arm
Origin - Coracoid process of scapula
Insertion - Mid-shaft of humerus
Both
Biceps brachii (long and short head)
Muscle group - Anterior arm muscles
Action - Supination and flexion of forearm
Origin - Supraglenoid tubercle and coracoid process of scapula
Insertion - Radial tuberosity
Both
Brachialis
Muscle group - Anterior arm muscles
Action - Flexion of forearm
Origin - Anterior distal shaft of humerus
Insertion - Ulnar tuberosity and coracoid process of ulna
Both
Triceps brachii (long, lateral, and medial head)
Muscle group - Posterior arm
Action - Extension of forearm; stabilizes shoulder joint
Origin - Infraglenoid tubercle (scapula) and proximal posterior shaft of humerus
Insertion - Olecranon process (ulna)
Both
Brachioradialis
Muscle group - Anterior forearm
Action - Flexion of forearm; pronation of forearm (when supinated); supination of forearm (when pronated)
Origin - Distal shaft of humerus
Insertion - Styloid process of radius
Both
Flexor carpi radialis
Muscle group - Anterior superficial forearm
Action - Wrist flexion and hand abduction
Origin - Medial epicondyle (humerus)
Insertion - Metacarpals II and III
Both
Palmaris longus
Muscle group - Anterior superficial forearm
Action - Wrist flexion (weak)
Origin - Medial epicondyle (humerus)
Insertion - Palmar aponeurosis (sheet-like tendon)
Both
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Muscle group - Anterior superficial forearm
Action - Wrist flexion and hand adduction
Medial epicondyle of humerus and olecranon process and posterior border (ulna)
Insertion - Pisiform and hamate (carpal bones)
Both
Pronator teres
Muscle group - Anterior superficial forearm
Action - Forearm pronation
Origin - Medial epicondyle (humerus) and coronoid process of ulna
Insertion - Lateral mid-shaft of radius
Both
Flexor pollicis longus
Muscle group - Anterior deep forearm
Action - Flexion of thumb
Origin - Mid-shaft of radius; coronoid process (ulna)
Insertion - Distal phalanx of I (thumb)
Human
Flexor digitorum profundus
Muscle group - Anterior deep forearm
Action - Flexion of wrist and fingers (2-5)
Origin - Proximal shaft of ulna
Insertion - Distal phalanges II-V
Both
Extensor carpi radialis longus
Muscle group - Posterior superficial forearm
Action - Extension of wrist and abduction of hand
Origin - Supracondylar ridge (humerus)
Insertion - Metacarpal II
Both
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Muscle group - Posterior superficial forearm
Action - Extension of wrist and abduction of hand
Origin - Lateral epicondyle (humerus)
Insertion - Metacarpal III
Both
Extensor digitorum
Muscle group - Posterior superficial forearm
Action - Extension of wrist and fingers (2-5)
Origin - Lateral epicondyle (humerus)
Insertion - Phalanges II-V
Both
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Muscle group - Posterior superficial forearm
Action - Extension of wrist; adduction of wrist
Origin - Lateral epicondyle (humerus) and ulna
Insertion - Metacarpal V
Both
Abductor pollicis longus
Muscle group - Posterior deep forearm
Action - Abduction and extension of thumb
Origin - Radius and ulna (both proximal posterior); Interosseous membrane
Insertion - Metacarpal I (base)
Both
Extensor pollicis longus
Muscle group - Posterior deep forearm
Action - Extension of thumb
Origin - Ulna (posterior mid-shaft); Interosseous membrane
Insertion - Distal phalanx of thumb
Both
Supinator
Muscle group - Posterior deep forearm
Action - Supination of forearm
Origin - Ulna (posterior proximal shaft); lateral epicondyle of humerus
Insertion - Radius (lateral proximal shaft)
Both
Thorax
Posterior: Trapezius (superficial); levator scapulae (deep)
Anterior: Pectoralis minor (deep)
Muscles crossing shoulder joint
Pectoralis major (superficial)
Latissimus dorsi (superficial)
Deltoid (superficial)
Shoulder joint
Subscapularis (anterior scapula)
Infraspinatus
Supraspinatus
Teres minor
Teres major
Corocobrachialis
Arm
Anterior: Biceps brachii (short and long head); brachialis (deep to biceps brachii)
Posterior: Triceps brachii (long, lateral, and medial head (deep))
Anterior forearm
Anterior superficial: Brachioradialis; flexor carpi radialis; palmaris longus; flexor carpi ulnaris; pronator teres
Anterior deep: Flexor pollicis longus; flexor digitorum profundus
Posterior forearm
Posterior superficial: Extensor carpi radialis longus; extensor carpi radialis brevis; extensor digitorum; extensor carpi ulnaris
Posterior deep: Abductor pollicis longus; extensor pollicis longus; supinator
