Lab Exam 1 Flashcards
How do you find % dry matter of feed
Sample size in g. — feed moisture in g / sample size in g x 100
How do you find % OM of a feed
Dry matter amount in g — ash in g / sample size in g x by 100
How do you find % NFE of feed
100 — ( percents of feed moisture + crude protein+ ether extract, crude fiber - ash, ash)
How do you find percents of feed moisture, crude protein, ether extract, crude fiber and ash, lignin and ash
Divide the feed moisture, crude protein, ether extract, crude fiber and ash, lignin and ash by sample size.
What are examples of green forages
Bermuda grass, Kentucky blue grass, rye grass, tall fescue
What is the reasoning for the classification of green forages
At least 18% CF, Moisture 50-85%, high in cellulose and hemicellulose , low digest ability and low energy
What are examples of energy concentrates
Corn, wheat, sorghum, oats
What is the reasoning for classifying energy concentrates
Less than 8% CF, Less than 20% protein, Hugh in starch and soluble carbohydrates
What are examples of protein suppplements
Canola meal, fish meal, soybeans, cowpeas
What classifies protein supplements
Protein greater than 20%,
What are examples of non nutritive feed additives
Antioxidants, antibiotics, enzymes, buffers
What is the reasoning for classifying non nutritive feed additives
Do not provide any nutrients
How do you calculate the proportion of grass, legume, weeds, and dead material in a forage
(Grass/ legume / weeds/ dead material in available DM in kg) / total sample size x 100 = % in sample
How do you find how many days it takes ___ calves to eat ___ DM/day, with ___% yield
- find area of quadrant: convert area of quadrant give information and turn it into meters (___ in x 0.0254 m)
- find the forage yield: total amount of grass, legume, weed, dead material (table)
- Find area covered by acres of pasture: area of pasture field x 4000 m^2
- find the area covered by area of pasture area in (step 3) m^2 pasture area -> (step 3) m^2 x total grass, legume, etc./ area of quadrant step 1 in m^2
- find daily DM intake of calves: __ kg DM/day x # cows
- find number of days that calves remian on pasture: step 5 x y days = (step 4 + ((daily forage accumulation/ growth x area of pasture field) x __y__ days)) x residual/ 100
how do you find amount of calves needed if grazed for y days and has z residual
kg DM/day x n calves x y days = ____ + (____ x y days) with blanks being 2nd line of calculation (ex: 50.0x = 2067.5 + 19.089x, blanks is 2067.5 and 19.089) then find x
how do you find the ME and Cp of a feedstuff
ME: given % x ME, Mcal/kg (table)
CP: % x chart CP %
how do you balance the ME and CP
ME: given 3.0 Mcal/g ME - table ME, Mcal/kg
CP: % CP given - chart CP %
how do you find the balance met by
100% - (% of feedstuffs) = A
How do you find the numbers for the middle of the Pearson Square
ME: Balance ME/ Balance met by % as decimal
CP: balance CP/ balance met by % as decimal
How do you find the High Energy Mix
SBM CP% Corn CP% - Center #
- CP pearson middle Number +
Corn CP% SMB CP% - Center #
————- ————————–
Amount Amount
(Corn CP% - Center #)/ Amount = u
(SMB CP% - Center #)/Amount = i
u x Corn ME in table = 2u
i x SMB ME in table = 2i
2u+ 2i = HEM
how do you find the low energy mix
SMB Oats- Center
- center Number +
Oats SMB - Center
——- ————-
Amount Amount
SMB - Center/ Amount = o
o x SMB ME in table = 2o
Oats - Center/ Amount = p
p x Oats SMB ME in table = 2p
2o+2p = LEM
How do you balance for energy
HEM totaled LEM - center
Center Number for ME
LEM totaled HEM - center
—————- —————–
Amount Amount
(LEM - Center)/ Amount = q
(HEM - Center)/ Amount = w
q x 100 = % LEM
w x 100 = % HEM
How do you find the total diet
2 already given in description,
corn: u x q x A
oats: p + w x A
SMB: ( i x q x A) + (p x w x A)
add all percentages and make sure its 100
How do you check the diet for ME
brewers grain: % brewers grain x ME of brewers grain
corn: % corn x ME of corn in chart
oats: % oats in final diet x ME of oats in table
SBM: % SBM in final diet x ME in chart
total = Mcal/ kg ME in question
How to check diet for CP
brewers grain: 10% x CP in chart
Corn: % corn in final diet x % CP in chart
Oats: % oats in final diet x % CP in chart
SBM: % SBM in final diet x % CP in chart
total = CP given in question
