Lab Evaluation Flashcards
DIRECT METHOD
Light Microscopy
1. method used
2. diluting fluid used
3. diluting fluid components:
- anticoagulant used
- fixative (fixes RBCs & platelets)
- stains the platelets
Phase Contrast
1. ____ method for platelet count
2. method used
3. diluent fluid used
4. counting chamber
5. platelets are counted in ___ squares
Unopette Method
1. uses _____ & _____
2. diluent composition (3)
Light Microscopy
1. Tocantins Method
2. Rees & Ecker diluting fluid
3.
- sodium citrate
- formalin
- Brilliant Cresyl Blue
Phase Contrast
1. reference method
Brecker-Cronkite Method
2. 1% ammonium oxalate
3. Spencer-Briteline #1475
4. 5 R squares
Unopette Method
1. EDTA & ammonium oxalate
2.
- 0.44% Ammonium Oxalate
- 0.22% K3 EDTA
- 0.75% Crystal Violet
Indirect Method
1. used method
2. can also be used in ____ and not only in platelet count
3. diluent
- Fonlo’s Method
- Platelet Estimation
- 14% MgSO4
PLATELET ESTIMATION:
1. marked decreased
2. moderate decreased
3. slight decreased
4. low normal
5. normal
6. slight increased
7. moderate increased
8. marked increased
0-49,000
50,000-99,000
100,000-149,000
150,000-199,000
200,000-400,000
401,000-599,000
600,000-800,000
above 800,000
TEST FOR PLATELET FUNCTION
_____: measures the ability of small blood vessels in control bleeding after an injury
1. factors affecting BT (3)
2. prolonged range
methods:
1. puncture is done in earlobe
- reference
2. puncture is done in forearm
- reference
3. template containing standardized slit
- incision
- reference
4. finger puncture
- incision
- reference
5. overdose of aspirin prolongs bleeding time
- normal = __ tablets
- patient w/ vW disease & _____ = ____ tablets
Bleeding Time
1. # of platelets, thickness & vascularity of skin, ability of blood vessels to constrict
2. <30,000 - 50,000/uL
methods:
1. Duke Method
- 1-3mins
2. Ivy Method
- 1-7mins
3. Template BT (by Mielke)
- >9mm
- 2.5-10mins
4. Copley-Lalitch Method
- 6mm
- 3-6mins
5. Aspirin Tolerance Test
- 4 tablets
- Thrombopatia = 2 tablets
_____: to know if platelets can adhere to in vitro as in in vivo they can adhere in injured blood vessel
1. aka
2. reference value
methods:
1. in vitro method
- collect 2 whole blood samples: 1 ___ & 1 _____
- computation
- NORMAL V =
2. in vivo method
- platelet count on ___ & ____
- computation
clinsig:
1. decrease:
- _____ &. _____
- some _____ &. ______
- ingestion of ______ & other drugs
2. increase:
- ____,_____,_____
- during ____, following _____, _____ intake
Platelet adhesiveness
1. Retention Test
2. 20-60%
methods:
1. Glass Bead Method/ Salzman Method
- 1 EDTA & 1 Glass Bead Collecting System
- ((platelet w/o glass beads - platelet w/ glass beads)/ platelet w/o glass beads) x 100 =%
- 15-45%
2. Borshgervinct Method
- venous blood & capillary blood samples
- ((platelet count venous blood - platelet count capillary blood) platelet count venous blood) x 100 = %
clinsig:
1. decrease:
- Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia, Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
- some myeloproliferstive disorders, Uremia
- aspirin & other drugs
2. increase:
- venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, carcinoma
- during pregnancy, following splenectomy, oral contraceptive intake
TEST FOR PLATELET FUNCTION
_____: currently, this test is considered the gold standard for evaluation of aspirin resistance
1. anticoagulant
2. reading of aggregometer response:
- light transmittance aggregometer
- electrical impedance
- for simultaneous measurement of platelet aggregation and secretion of ATP
3. aggregometer will read the ____ wave of aggregation
Platelet Aggregation Test
1. sodium citrate
2.
- Platelet-Rich Plasma Aggregometry
- Whole-Blood Platelet Aggregometry
- Optical Lumi-Aggregometer
3. 2nd
OTHER TESTS:
_____: test to assess the stability of capillaries when subjected to increased hydrostatic pressure and anoxia
1. positive pressure
- apply for __mins
- normal value
2. negative pressure
- apply for ___mins
- pressure
- an area within a circle of ___ diameter is observed for petechiae
Tourniquet Test (CFT)
1. Rumple-Leede Method
- 5mins
- 0-1+
2. Hess/ Suction Test
- 1min
- 200mmHg
- 1cm
OTHER TESTS:
_____: test to assess the where clot becomes denser and serum is expressed
1. begins within _____ after blood has clotted & complete within ____
2. normal clot refraction requirement (5)
3. contractile protein which is the main protein that helps the platelets to contrac
4. <100k/uL = ______, paraproteinemia
methods:
1. qualitative: test for the presence or absence of retraction
- aka
- formation of ____/droplet like serum on surface of blood drop = presence of refraction = presence of ______
- NV
2. test tube method
- clot refraction begins within ___ and complete within _____
3. provides quantitative estimate of degree of refraction (most common)
- NV
Clot Refraction Time
1. 30mins; 24hrs
2. # of functioning platelets, calcium, ATP, fibrinogen, # of platelets interacting with fibrinogen
3. Thrombosthenin
4. dysfibrinogenemia
methods:
1. Hirschboek Method
- castor oil method
- dimpling = thrombosthenin
- 15-45mins
2. Stefanini Method
- 1hr; 18-24hrs
3. Macfarlane Method
- 44-67%
