Lab Eval of GU/Renal Flashcards
What is the Tamm-Horsfall protein?
- Mucoprotein produced by ascending loop of Henle
- Normal constituent of urine
- Major protein constituent of urinary casts
What are casts?
- Protein aggregates
- Outlined in the shape of renal tubules and excreted into the urine
- Matrix is the Tamm-Horsfall protein
- Unique to kidneys
Define oliguria
Decreased urine output (less than 400 mL per day)
Define pyuria
Presence of pus in urine
Define nephritis
Inflammation of kidney with focal or diffuse proliferation or destructive processes that may involve glomerulus, tubule, or interstitial renal tissue
Define glomerulonephritis
Nephritis accompanied by inflammation of capillary loops in glomeruli of the kidney
Define nephrotic syndrome
General name for group of disease involving increased glomerular permeability (massive proteinuria with hypoalbuminemia)
When is clean catch urinalysis necessary?
For UTI evaluation (but not protein screen)
Why is first morning urine preferred for collection?
Most concentrated
When should urine be tested?
Within one hour of collection (max limit of 2 hours)
What in the urine is a/w multiple myeloma?
Globulins (Bence-Jones protein)
What is the single most important indication of renal disease?
Proteinuria
When does acidic urine occur?
- Metabolic acidosis
- Diabetic ketosis
- Diarrhea
- Starvation
- UTIs caused by E coli
- K deficiency
When does alkaline urine occur?
- UTIs caused by urea splitting bacteria
- Renal tubular acidosis
- CKD
- Metabolic acidosis (vomiting)
Define hyaline casts
- Consist only of Tamm-Horsfall protein
- Small amt in urine is normal
- A lot is a/w all renal diseases, essential HTN, nephrotic syndrome
