CKD Flashcards
Who is MC affected by CKD?
AAs, Hispanics
Describe acute kidney disease
- Rapid loss of function
- Commonly reversible
- Usually caused by dehydration, blood loss, meds, IV contrast, obstruction
Describe chronic kidney disease
- Progressive loss of renal function more than 3 mos
- Commonly irreversible
- Caused by long term diseases such as DM, HTN
CKD results in an inability to maintain:
- Acid base balance
- Fluid and electrolyte balance
- Excretion of nitrogenous wastes
How is GFR calculated?
From serum Cr level using age, weight, gender, body size
What does the GFR measure?
How well kidneys are removing wastes and excess fluid from the blood
Normal GFR value?
90 or higher
GFR below 60 indicates:
Kidneys not working properly
GFR below 15 indicates:
Dialysis or transplant needed
Describe uremic syndrome
- Clinical systemic manifestations of CKD
- A/w azotemia (accumulation of urea and other toxins)
Define frost in a CKD patient
Urea excreted by sweating crystallizes on skin (late stage CKD)
Describe microalbuminuria
Kidney leaks small amts of albumin into urine
Describe nephron injury in CKD
- Initially remaining functioning nephrons experience hyperfiltration to compensate and maintain GFR
- This leads to RAAS cycle (glomerular capillary HTN) and more damage results
What is the leading cause of ESRD?
DM
How does DM cause kidney damage?
- Elevated glucose raises osmotic pressure causing increased urine volume
- Kidney senses low BP, releases more renin to vasoconstrict and retain water
