[Lab] Cardiovascular integration lab Flashcards
S3 and S4 originating from the ___ side of the heart may increase with expiration and decrease with inspiration
Left
Opposite for R side origin, decrease with expiration, increase with inspiration
During what part of the respiratory cycle is there an increase in S2 splitting?
Inspiration
Due to longer R ventricular ejection time
What phase of the respiratory cycle increase the intensity of murmurs originating from the right side of the heart?
Inspiration
- Diastolic murmurs: tricuspid stenosis, pulm regurg*
- Systolic murmurs: tricuspid regurg (carvallo’s sign)*
How might S1 sound if a patient has fever, mitral stenosis, or atrial myxoma?
Loud heart sounds
How might S1 sound for pts with low CO, tachycardia, severe mitral reflux?
Soft 1st sound
Where is splitting of S2 best heard?
Over 2nd L ICS
Patients with significant P2 sound at the apex may have what DDx?
Significant pulm HTN
ASD
Patients with a loud A2 may have what DDx?
Systemic HTN
Dilated aortic root
Pts with a soft A2 may have what DDx?
Calcific aortic stenosis
Paradoxical splitting of S2 may be indicative of what disorder?
HCM
Pts presenting w/ cardiogenic shock must immediately be excluded for what?
Acute MI
What cardiac pathology improves with sitting up and leaning forward?
Acute pericarditis - improved pleuritic CP
Where is pericardial friction rub best heard? With what side of the stethoscope?
Loudest over L sternal border
Diaphragm
What are the typical ECG changes seen in acute pericarditis?
Widespread ST elevation
Low QRS voltage
What diagnostic imaging test should be performed urgently if tamponade is suspected?
Echocardiography
Plays major role in ID pericardial effusion
