Lab animals

Question 1

Largest rodents

Answer 1

-capybara, beavers, porcupines

Question 2

Smallest rodents

Answer 2

African pygmy mouse, pygmy jerboa

Question 3

Male vs. Female

Answer 3

Female- two openings
Male- one opening and then penis is more cranial

Question 4

Rat teeth covering

Answer 4

Teeth covered by cementum (not enamel)

Question 4

Rat teeth

Answer 4

Each quadrant has one incisor and 3 cheek teeth

Question 5

Incisor tooth type

Answer 5

Hypselodont- ever growing

Question 6

Tail veins

Answer 6

-Ventral tail vein
-Right and left lateral tail veins (used for venipuncture)

Question 7

Salivary glands

Answer 7

-Parotid
-Mandibular
-Sublingual

Question 8

Glands

Answer 8

-Extraorbital lacrimal gland
-Harderian gland
-Intraorbital lacrimal gland

Question 9

Harderian gland

Answer 9

-contains porphyrins
**increased release during times of stress

-Can also be linked with cherry eye in rabbits

Question 10

malocclusion of teeth

Answer 10

• Malocclusion of cheek teeth happens first, incisor malocclusion happens second

Results in impinging nasolacrimal gland resulting in discharge, AND can grow into the bone and cause abscess

Question 11

Rat lungs

Answer 11

Left lung is just one

Right lung- cranial, middle, caudal, accessory lobes

Question 12

Liver and gallbladder

Answer 12

Left- lateral, medial

Right- medial, lateral, caudate, quadrate

**gallbladder present in mice, guinea pigs, rabbits but not rats

Question 13

Stomach

Answer 13

-glandular and non-glandular part seen from outside
**very prominent margo plicatus

Question 14

Why do punctured cecas occur in rats?

Answer 14

Because their ceca is not in a consistent place across individuals. Mostly on left, but not always.
**intraperitoneal injections risky

Question 15

Female repro system

Answer 15

2 uterine horns and 2 cervixes

-no vestibule

Question 16

Male accessory sex glands

Answer 16

-Vesicular gland
-Coagulating gland
-Ampullary gland
-Prostate
-Bulbourethral gland
-Preputial gland

Question 17

Guinea pig teeth

Answer 17

• have 1 incisors, 1 premolar, 3 cheek teeth per quadrant

-All teeth are hypselodont

Question 18

Rabbit inguinal gland

Answer 18

• bald patch near anogenital region
  -scent organ

Question 19

Kidneys of lab animals

Answer 19

True unilobar kidneys

**unlike dogs, cats, and small ruminants which are unipyramidal formed by fusion

Question 20

Parts of rabbit intestines

Answer 20

-hindgut fermenters
-Cecum, which ends with vermiform appendix
-Ileum with sacculus rotundus ending (has follicles)

-large intestine has 3 teniae

Question 21

Rabbit glands

Answer 21

-accessory lacrimal gland
-zygomatic salivary gland
-gland of the 3rd eyelid

Question 22

Rat Skeletal differences

Answer 22

-have clavicles which help climbing and manipulation

-smaller fibula fused early on tibia

Question 23

Rabbit feces

Answer 23

Cecotropes- mucous covered nutrient poop that they consume

-Pellet poop- do not consume

Question 24

Lab animals vomiting?

Answer 24

-They cannot vomit because
1.they are not able to relax the crural sling while contracting the rest of the diaphragm
2.Longitudinal muscle of esophagus is too weak to open ES
3.Lack neural connections needed to coordinate muscles

Question 25

Placentation

Answer 25

discoid, hemochorial, labyrinthine

Cord structures: 1 umbilical vein and 1 umbilical artery