Lab And Field

Question 1

What are 5 A01 points about lab experiments?

Answer 1

-Artificial setting
-IV and DV operationalised
-Volunteer sample
-Controlled and standardised
-Artifical tasks

Question 2

Artificial setting and how this links to EWT

Answer 2

-Lab experiments take place in artificial setting which is controlled.
-for example in a lecture theatre, pts could watch 7 different clips of car crashes to test their recall

Question 3

What are 5 A03 points for lab experiments?

Answer 3

-Low ecological validity
+Obj data as quant data
+Ethical as aware
+reliability
-Low MR

Question 4

A03 point for artificial setting and how this impact on EWT findings

Answer 4

-Low external validity due to being in artificial setting, reduces ecological validity
-In lab, focus more on the TV whereas in RL spontaneous so less focus, reduces accuracy of EWT as not reflective of real environment.

Question 5

A01 IV and DV and example of how applies to EWT

Answer 5

-IV and DV are operationalised. IV is what is manipulated, DV is what is measured
-IV could be the wording of a critical question (changing the verb) and the DV could be the estimated speed that the cars were given to see if the IV impacted on this response

Question 6

A03 for IV and DV, how does this impact on EWT

Answer 6

-Objective data, quantitative. Statistical measures useful as can see c&e between the IV and DV
-Can test different factors of EWT to see which is most influential on accuracy of EWT

Question 7

A01 Sample and example of how applies to EWT

Answer 7

-Lab experiments use volunteer sample who are aware they are in a study and often respond to an advert stating that they are interested in taking part in the study
-For example to test EWT a group of uni students could be used who volunteer to be in the study to investigate leading questions

Question 8

A03 for sample and how this impact on EWT

Answer 8

-Ethical as pets are aware they are in a study so give informed consent, however this could lead to DC due to the pts realising the aims of the study as they have volunteered for it which reduces validity.
-No harm to pts is done as they are not being exposed to a traumatic event like field studies or in real life where a crime occurs and could cause trauma

Question 9

A01 standardised and example of how applies to EWT

Answer 9

-Lab experiments are in a controlled setting with standardised procedure where parts of the study are recorded and can be followed and repeated
-Eg show 7 films to 5 groups and each film will contain a traffic accident (4 staged and 3 real) After each film given a questionnaire, give account and answer critical question about speed.

Question 10

A03 for standardised and how this impacts EWT

Answer 10

-High reliability as can be easily replicated by someone else to see if they get the same results and test for reliability.
-Provides more useful applications to get accurate EWT, such as cognitive interviews.

Question 11

A01 for tasks and example of this in EWT

Answer 11

-Tend to be artificial tasks with specialised equipment.
-Eg not a usual taks to watch a video of car crash and not normal to fill in questionnaire afterwards, normally are interviewed

Question 12

A03 for task and how this impact on EWT

Answer 12

-Low MR. Watching a staged car crash on a tv is not representative of seeing a real crash occur in real life and close up. Therefore can’t accurately explain people’s reactions to real crashes as fake ones are used
-May have higher recall in EWT due to better focus as the task isn’t realistic. May not have the same due to not the same emotional connection, for the pts there’s no consequences.

Question 13

A01 points for field experiments

Answer 13

-Standardised proc
-Natural environment
-Natural task
-Control
-Independent measures

Question 14

A03 points for field

Answer 14

-Reliability
-Ecological validity
-Mundane realism
-Low validity
-Comparison of groups

Question 15

A01 standardised field and example to apply to EWT

Answer 15

-Have a standardised procedure such as the time of day and environment used
-Script for actors staging a mugging, when it occurs, where

Question 16

A03 for standardised and how this impacts EWT

Answer 16

-Standardised proc of script and time of day means that it can be replicated and tested for reliability
-Makes applications of EWT results useful and can apply

Question 17

A01 environment and example to apply to EWT

Answer 17

-Field experiments take place in a natural everyday environment, typical of where a crime would occur
-Eg a street which is typical for a mugging to take place

Question 18

A03 for environment and how this impacts EWT

Answer 18

-High ext validity, ecological validity as in a natural place so representative of real life and can apply results
-Can see realistic EWT accuracy as they would have the same focus as if they were in the real world

Question 19

A01 for task and example

Answer 19

-Have a natural task which is typical of what would be conducted in that setting in real life
-Eg a natural task for a mugging would be an interview afterwards with the police describing what they saw.

Question 20

A03 for natural task and how this impact accuracy of EWT

Answer 20

-High mundane realism and task validity as a mugging is typical of what crime could occur in a street
-Therefore have emotional impact as it is a realistic taks and and their actions will have consequences

Question 21

A01 for control and example

Answer 21

-Extraneous variables can be controlled such as participant and situational
-Eg have a range of pts who are involved in the study and interviewed. Don’t have all the same age, unite time of day so pts have time to see the mugging, this controls both participant of the age and situational of the time of day

Question 22

A03 for control and how it impacts on EWT

Answer 22

-Harder to control extraneous variables as not in an artificial setting so can’t control all variables that could occur such as weather making it hard to see the mugging
-Other variables like participant and situational could have an impact on EWT recall and accuracy.

Question 23

A01 design

Answer 23

-Independent measures
-Only view the mugging once and cannot see it again

Question 24

A03 for design and how this affects EWT

Answer 24

-Can compare groups in different conditions to find cause and effect, reduces the risk of pt variable =s like demand characteristic, improves internal validity
-Can test different factors of EWT, only complete once and see how effective real EWT are as in real life only get to see once.