Lab 9: Prep Of OH, Reduction Of Fluroenone And Lucas test

Question 1

Reduction

Answer 1

When reaction occurs a carbon bound to a more electronegative atom is replaced with a less electronegative atom

• electron density around carbon increases
• oxidation state decreases

Question 2

Oxidation

Answer 2

When a reaction occurs in which a carbon bound to a less electronegative atom is replaced with a carbon bound to a more electronegative atom

• electron density around carbon decreases
• oxidation state increases

Question 3

To find oxidation state/number

Answer 3

1. For ever atom bound to C that is more electronegative than C = +1
2. For every atom bound to carbon that is less electronegative than C = -1
3. C-C bond = 0

Question 4

Lucas test

Answer 4

• distinguish between primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols
• SN1
• rate will increase with increasing carbonation stability
• 3>2»1
• clear to cloudy is positive test

Drawback:

• starting alcohol needs to be soluble in Lucas reagent.
• limits type of alcohol used. Smaller alcohols are more successful

Question 5

Reducing agents

Answer 5

Species that react and cause another molecule to be reduced

-species that becomes oxidized over the course of the reaction

Question 6

Molecular H2

Answer 6

• used with a metal catalyst
• reduces polar and non polar pie bonds
• reduces: alkenes, alkynes, aldehydes, ketones, immine, nitro

Question 7

Lithium aluminum hydride LiALH4

Answer 7

• reduces polar pi bond
• more selective that H2
• reduces: aldehydes, ketones, imines, carboxylic acids, esters, amides

Question 8

Sodium borohydride

Answer 8

• reduces polar pi bonds
• more selective than H2
• more selective that LAH because less potent
• reduces: aldehydes, ketones and imines