Lab 8 Intestinal Function Flashcards
What is the autonomous nervous system?
A part of the peripheral nervous system
Supplies smooth muscles and glands of the intestines, control all internal organs: heart rate, digestion, resp rate, urination etc
What can give increased parasympathomimetic effect?
Neostigmine, physostigmine injections (reversible cholinesterase inhibitors)
Give local parasympathomimetic effects
Increased SM contraction: peristalsis and secretory function increases
Increased intestinal metabolism: increased gas formation, cranial gas accumulation
Give systemic parasympathomimetic effects
Increased PS and ACh effects
Increased muscular irritability (both smooth and striated)
What gives increased parasympatholytic effect?
Atropine and scopolamine
Local parasympatholytic effects
Relaxes intestinal muscles (decreases peristalsis and secretory functions)
Systemic parasympatholytic effects
Decreased PS tone
Why shouldn’t parasympatholytic drugs be given in veterinary practices to treat GI hypermotility and hypersecretion?
Due to the danger of intestinal bacterial overgrowth and absorption of toxic materials
What can we use to decrease intestinal muscle spasm in Eq/Bo with colic during rectal examination?
Scopolamine inj
Atropine inhibits the effects of what drug or toxins or conditions?
Parasympathetic stimulants or to treat some cardiologic diseases (bradyarrythmia, AV block etc)
What are the signs of atropine toxicosis?
Mydriasis (pupil dilation) Xerostomia (dry mouth from decreased saliva secretion) Intestinal/ruminal atonia Bloat Shock
What can give increased sympathomimetic effect?
Epinephrine
Give local and systemic sympathomimetic effects (E)
Local: Relaxed intestinal muscles
Paralytic ileus
Systemic: epinephrine is a stress mediator
Distal ileus:
Where
What is a clear sign
Jejunum and more distal parts
Metabolic acidosis
Proximal ileus
Where
What is a clear sign and now does it change
Stomach, duodenum
First: metabolic alkalosis
After a while: metabolic acidosis
Give symptoms of distal ileus
No eating
Empty stomach
Vomit contains small intestinal fluid (reflux) with high pH
Dehydration
Anaerobic glycolysis, lactic acid formation
Prolonged distal ileus: miserere
What is miserere?
Reflux of intestinal contents into stomach, vomit will be brown ish and resemble feces
What are some symptoms of proximal ileus?
Obvious gas/fluid accumulation in the stomach
This activates the tensor receptors which will stimulate HCl secretion. When vomiting, the animal will lose acid which will give metabolic alkalosis
When the process becomes more severe, dehydration and anaerobic glycolysis (lactic acid production) develops —> metabolic acidosis
