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Biochemistry 2 > Lab 8 - Examination of Blood sugar level > Flashcards

Lab 8 - Examination of Blood sugar level Flashcards

1
Q

What does blood sugar level mean?

A

The concentration of all monosaccharides present in the blood.

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2
Q

The blood sugar level can also be used for description of ?

A

Blood glucose concentration

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3
Q

The blood sugar level can also be used for description of Blood glucose concentration exempt from when? And why?

A

It can be used exempt for ungulates in foetal ages and right after birth, because almost the total amount of blood sugar is fructose.

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4
Q

The blood level within the species is very similar

What is the blood value of blood sugar in mammals exempt ruminants are?

A

Blood sugar level: 4-5 mmol/l

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5
Q

The blood level within the species is very similar

What is the blood value of blood sugar in Ruminants?

A

Blood sugar level in ruminants: 2-3 mmol/l

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6
Q

The blood level within the species is very similar

What is the blood value of blood sugar in birds?

A

Blood sugar level in birds: 8-9 mmol/l, even higher.

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7
Q

Which organs do particularly require a large quantity of sugar for energy supply?

A

Muscle
Brain
Kidney

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8
Q

Consumption of blood sugar affects which level?

A

The consumption decreases the level of blood glucose.

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9
Q

The consumption of blood sugar decreases the level of blood glucose, but what are the 3 main possibilities to maintain it?

A
  1. Absorbtion from the intestines (after feeding)
  2. Glycogenolysis (phosphorolysis) in the liver producing blood glucose from glycogen,
  3. Glucogenesis in the liver.
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10
Q

What does glucose consumption mainly depend on?

A

Reqiuremenst of the organ
Regulation of the production is induced by the charge in BSL.

Both production is hormonally regulated

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11
Q

Hormon:

  • Insulin
    1. ) Place of production?
    2. ) Increases?
    3. ) Decreases?
    4. ) Blood sugar level is?
A

1.) Pancreas beta-cells

2.)
Glycogenesis in liver, Glycolyses in the periphery, glucose uptake by the cells (req. GLUT 4 transporter protein)

  1. ) Glycogenolysis in the liver, muscles lipolysis, gluconeogenesis in the liver.
  2. ) Decreased
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12
Q

Hormon:

  • Glucagon
    1. ) Place of production?
    2. ) Increases?
    3. ) Decreases?
    4. ) Blood sugar level is?
A
  1. ) Pancreas a-cells
  2. ) Glycogenolysis in the liver, Gluconeogenesis in liver
  3. ) Glycogenesis in liver, Glycolysis in liver
  4. ) Increased
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13
Q

Hormon:

  • Adrenalin
    1. ) Place of production?
    2. ) Increases?
    3. ) Decreases?
    4. ) Blood sugar level is?
A
  1. ) Adrenal medulla
  2. ) Gycogenolysis in the muscle
  3. ) Glycogenesis in the muscle
  4. ) Increased
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14
Q

Hormon:

  • Glucocorticoids
    1. ) Place of production?
    2. ) Increases?
    3. ) Decreases?
    4. ) Blood sugar level is?
A
  1. ) Adrenal cortex (zona felucida)
  2. ) Gluconeogenesis (primary from amino acids)
  3. ) Glycolysis
  4. ) Increased
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15
Q

Hormon:

  • Growth hormone (GH or STH)
    1. ) Place of production?
    2. ) Increases?
    3. ) Decreases?
    4. ) Blood sugar level is?
A
  1. Adenohypophysis
  2. Lipolysis
  3. Gluconeogenesis (form amino acids)
  4. Increased
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16
Q

Hormon:

  • ACTH
    1. ) Place of production?
    2. ) Increases?
    3. ) Decreases?
    4. ) Blood sugar level is?
A
  1. Adenyhypophysis
  2. Glucocrticoid production of adrenal cortex
  4. ) Increased
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17
Q

Venipucture site on a rabit?

A

V. auricularis lateralis

18
Q

4 IU Insulin and 0,2ml adrenalin shal be given?

A

I.M

19
Q

20ml glucose shall be given?

A

S.C

20
Q

Why do we aspirate when performing IM or SC injection?

A

To make sure that we don’t administering it Intra venously.

21
Q

What are the materials of 8.1 - The effect of insulin, adrenalin and glucose injection on the blood sugar of rabbit?

A
  • Rabbit
  • Insulin injection (Actrapid injection)
  • Adrenalin injection (Tonogen inj)
  • Sterile glucose injection (0,3 mol/l)
  • 70% ethanol
  • Eppendorf tuves treaded with heparin
  • Needle for drawing blood (18-19, 23 G)
  • Syringes (1ml, 20ml)
  • Scissors
  • Cotton wool
22
Q

How much Sorbivet (glucose-fructose-mannitol) injection has to be given to the insulin treaded rabbit after the second blood collection, and why?

A

10 ml Sorbivet, because blood sugar level has to be increased to the physiological value.

23
Q

What are the two most important vessels of the rabbits ear?

A

Marginal vein

Auricular artery

24
Q

What are the most frequent test in human medical laboratories?

A

Determination of blood glucose concentration.

25
Q

Why is determination of blood glucose concentration have a clinical importance in vet.med?

A

Due to increasing occurrence of dog, cat and ferret diabetes.

26
Q

Wich method will be used at our lab?

A

Most commonly available human kit, it operates with glucose oxidase-peroxidase (GOD-POD) method.
It will be compared with a automatic GLUCOMETER.

27
Q

How does glucometers work?

A

Strips designed to draw up a defined volume of color change or electrical charge.

It translates a enzymatic reaction into a glucose measurement..

28
Q

The marginal ear vein can also be used for sample site of which animal?

A

Cats: Common
Dogs: aceptable

29
Q

Determination of the blood glucose concentration by the glucose oxidase-perioxidase enzyme system (GOD-POD)

What enzymes are needed?

A

Comercially available in lyophilized forms

30
Q

Determination of the blood glucose concentration by the glucose oxidase-perioxidase enzyme system (GOD-POD)

What does the blood glucose produce?

A

Gluconic acid

  • By the effect of glucose oxidase (GOD)
  • With water uptake and H2O2 production.
  • H2O2 will be transformed into H2O by Perioxidase (POD )
31
Q

Determination of the blood glucose concentration by the glucose oxidase-perioxidase enzyme system (GOD-POD)

Which indicator, in presence of H-containing substrate is used?

A

Trinder´s indicator

32
Q

Determination of the blood glucose concentration by the glucose oxidase-perioxidase enzyme system (GOD-POD)

What does Trinder´s indicator reaction contain? And what does it look like

A

4-aminoantipyrine and phenol reagent

- Coluourfull condensate is produced.

33
Q

Determination of the blood glucose concentration by the glucose oxidase-perioxidase enzyme system (GOD-POD)

The amount of the colorful condensate ?
(Trinder´s indicator)
What does it mean?

A

Measured at 546 nm with spectrophotometry

Increasing absorbance is proportional to the glucose concentration of the sample.

34
Q

Determination of the blood glucose concentration by the glucose oxidase-perioxidase enzyme system (GOD-POD)

What are the reaction GOD

A

Glucose - H20–> GOD = Gluconic acid

35
Q

Determination of the blood glucose concentration by the glucose oxidase-perioxidase enzyme system (GOD-POD)

What are the reaction POD

A

2H2O2 + 4-aminoantipyrin + phenol
–> POD
= Red derivate of chignon + 4H2O

36
Q

Determination of the blood glucose concentration by the glucose oxidase-perioxidase enzyme system (GOD-POD)

What is the standard glucose solution?

A

5,5 mmol/l (10* lilted with trichloroacetic acid solution)

37
Q

Determination of the blood glucose concentration by the glucose oxidase-perioxidase enzyme system (GOD-POD)

Materials

A
  • Freschly collected blood inhibited in clotting
  • TCA (10%)
  • Eppendorf tubes
  • Collour reagent: GOD and POD dissolved phosphate buffer
    and the colourforming agent (4.aminoantipyrin and phenol)
  • Spectrophotometer
  • Pipette (2ml)
  • Automatic pipette
  • 37*c water bath.
38
Q

Determination of the blood glucose concentration by the glucose oxidase-perioxidase enzyme system (GOD-POD)

Why add TCL to solution?

A

In order to ppt the proteins from the sample

39
Q

Determination of the blood glucose concentration by the glucose oxidase-perioxidase enzyme system (GOD-POD)

How do you measure the absorbance?

A

After incubation on 37*C for 15min, the absorb. are measured at 546 nm.

Calculation: (Abs sample/Abs standard)* 5,5 = C sample

40
Q

Determination of the blood glucose concentration by the glucose oxidase-perioxidase enzyme system (GOD-POD)

You can also tell the concentration of blood glucose by a …….?

A

Glucometer (From full blood without deproteinization).

Biochemistry 2 (7 decks)

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