Lab 8 - Brain And Cranial Nerves Flashcards
What does the human brain develop from embryonically?
A tube-like structure called the neural tube
What does the old neural tube develop into?
The four ventricles of the brain and the spinal cord
What are the CHOROID PLEXUS?
Highly vascularized structures within the ventricles that produce CSF
What type of cells are located in the choroid plexus?
Ependymal cells
What is the primary function of the CEREBRUM?
Advanced thinking and cognitive functions
What separates the right and left hemispheres of the brain?
Longitudinal Fissure
What are the four lobes of the brain?
- Frontal
- Parietal
- Temporal
- Occipital
What is the Central Sulcus?
The sulcus that divides the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe
What does the Lateral Sulcus divide?
The temporal lobe from the parietal lobe
What is located just behind the central sulcus?
Postcentral Gyrus - primary sensory
What is the function of the Primary Somatosensory Area?
Receives information from the body’s sensory receptors
What is located just in front of the central sulcus?
Precentral Gyrus - primary motor
What is the function of the Primary Motor Area?
Responsible for controlling voluntary movement of skeletal muscles
What is Broca’s Area responsible for?
The motor component of speech
Where is Broca’s Area located?
In the frontal lobe near the lateral fissure
What is Wernicke’s Area involved in?
Understanding and comprehending speech
Where is Wernicke’s Area located?
In the parietal lobe near the lateral fissure
What are the four major divisions of the brain?
- Cerebral Cortex
- Diencephalon
- Brain Stem
- Cerebellum
What is the Cerebral Cortex?
The outermost area of the cerebrum
What is primarily found in the white matter of the cerebrum?
Axons carrying information to and from the cerebral cortex
What is the function of the Corpus Callosum?
Allows communication between the right and left hemispheres
What does the Diencephalon house?
Thalamic regions, thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus in the upper part of the brain stem
What area is within the post central gyrus
Primary somatosensory area
What area is within the pre central gyrus
Primary motor area
What does the Thalamus consist of?
Two lobes of gray matter surrounding the third ventricle
It contains a stalk of thalamic tissue called the intermediate mass.
What is the function of the intermediate mass?
Connects lobes of thalamus
Where is the hypothalamus located?
At the floor of the third ventricle
What important role does the hypothalamus play?
It is important in the endocrine system
How does the hypothalamus communicate with the pituitary gland?
Through a stalk called the infundibulum
What are the mammillary bodies involved in?
Emotional responses to odor
Which structures will only be viewed on sheep brains?
- Intermediate mass
- Mammillary bodies
- Pineal gland
- Superior/inferior colliculi
What does the epithalamus contain?
The pineal body (pineal gland)
What is the Brain Stem composed of?
- Pons
- Medulla oblongata
- Paired superior colliculi
- Paired inferior colliculi
What is the collective name for the four colliculi?
Corporo quadrigemina
What is the function of the pons?
Contains tracts that connect upper and lower brain stem structures
What functions does the medulla oblongata control?
- Heart rate
- Respiration
- Blood pressure
What do the Cerebral Meninges consist of?
Three connective tissue membranes
What is meningitis?
Inflammation of the meninges
What could occur if meningitis spreads to neural tissue?
Encephalitis
What is the Dura Mater?
The outermost layer of the meninges, leathery and double-layered
What does the outer layer of the Dura Mater attach to?
The inner surface of the skull
What is the function of the superior sagittal sinus?
A sinus that Drains blood from the brain back to the venous system
What is the Arachnoid Mater?
The middle layer of the meninges, under the dura mater, separated by the subdural space
What separates the Arachnoid Mater from the Dura Mater?
The subdural space
What is the Pia Mater?
The innermost layer of the meninges, delicate and highly vascularized
What separates the Pia Mater from the Arachnoid Mater?
The subarachnoid space filled with CSF
Fill in the blank: Meningitis is inflammation of the _______.
Meninges
How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?
12 pairs
What is the function of cranial nerve I?
smell
*sensory
What is the function of cranial nerve II?
vision
*sensory
What is the function of cranial nerve III?
eyelid and eyeball movement
*motor
What is the function of cranial nerve IV?
innervates superior oblique; turns eye downward and laterally
*motor
What is the function of cranial nerve V?
chewing; face & mouth touch & pain
*both sensory and motor
What is the function of cranial nerve VI?
turns eye laterally
*motor
What is the function of cranial nerve VII?
controls most facial expressions; secretion of tears & saliva
*both sensory and motor
What is the function of cranial nerve VIII?
hearing; equilibrium sensation
*sensory
What is the function of cranial nerve IX?
taste; senses carotid blood pressure
*both sensory and motor
What is the function of cranial nerve X?
taste; senses aortic blood pressure; slows heart rate; stimulates digestive organs
*both sensory and motor
What is the function of cranial nerve XI?
controls trapezius & sternocleidomastoid
*motor
What is the function of cranial nerve XII?
controls tongue movements
*motor
Cranial nerve I is also known as _______.
Olfactory
Cranial nerve II is also known as _______.
Optic
Cranial nerve III is also known as _______.
Oculomotor
Cranial nerve IV is also known as _______.
Trochlear
Cranial nerve V is also known as _______.
Trigeminal
Cranial nerve VI is also known as _______.
Abducens
Cranial nerve VII is also known as _______.
Facial
Cranial nerve VIII is also known as _______.
Vestibulocochlear (auditory)
Cranial nerve IX is also known as _______.
Glossopharyngeal
Cranial nerve X is also known as _______.
Vagus
Cranial nerve XI is also known as _______.
Spinal Accessory
Cranial nerve XII is also known as _______.
Hypoglossal
Mnemonic device for memorizing names of cranial nerves
On old Olympic towering tops a Finn and German viewed some hops
