Lab 8 - Articulations

Question 1

In what joint do two bones fuse together + example

Answer 1

Bony joints, form a synostosis

Example: fusion of two frontal bones into one

Question 2

Which joint is typically composed of connective tissue fibers between two bones? + 3 types

Answer 2

Fibrous joints; allow little movement

3 types: sutures, gomphoses, syndesmoses

Question 3

What age do sutures of the skull begin to undergo synostosis?

Answer 3

~35

Question 4

Which cartilage endures greater stress?

Answer 4

Fibrocartilage (compared to hyaline)
This is why it’s found in a symphysis

Question 5

Function of tendon sheath

Answer 5

Modified synovial structures which lubricate tendons as they slide past one another

E.g. one encircling tendons that pass thru palm of hand

Question 6

Synarthrotic, amphiarthrotic vs. diarthrotic joints

Answer 6

Synarthrotic - immovable

amphiarthrotic - semimovable

diarthrotic - freely mobile

Question 7

What kind of joint is the TMJ

Answer 7

Diarthritic; both a hinge and plane.

Question 8

What kind of joint is the elbow?

What ligament tears if forearm is abruptly pulled?

Answer 8

Diarthritic; both hinge and pivot characteristics

Annular ligament (holds radius and ulna together)

Question 9

Patellar tendon vs. ligament

Answer 9

Tendon - Runs from quadriceps femoris muscle to the patella

Ligament - connects patella and tibial tuberosity

Question 10

What medial and lateral ligament of ankle connect to

Answer 10

Medial ligament fibers - Tibia to calcanues, talus, and navicular

Lateral ligament fibers - Fibula to calcaneus and talus

Sprained ankle = stretching these fibers

Question 11

Med/lat rotation of the hand

Answer 11

Lat - supination

Med - pronation

Question 12

How does fixing work?

Answer 12

Prevent muscle from moving in either direction. Opposing muscles contract simultaneously.

Question 13

Another word for supination/pronation of feet

Answer 13

Supination - inversion

Pronation - Eversion

Question 14

List the types of synovial joints from most to least moveable + example

Answer 14

1. Ball-and-socket (multi) - shoulder and hip
2. Saddle joint (bi) - trapeziometacarpal
3. Condyloid joint (bi) - radius and scaphoid junction, atlas/occipital bone, metacarpophalangeal joints
4. Pivot joint (mono) - atlantoaxial, proximal radius and ulna
5. Hinge joint (mono) - elbow, knee, interphalangeal
6. Plane joint (mono?) - Articular facets of vertebrae, intertarsal/intercarpal joints

Question 15

What connects the tibia and fibula at the ankle joint?

Answer 15

Anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments