Lab 4 - Skeletal Overview

Question 1

Process

Answer 1

General term for a projection from the surface of a bone

Question 2

Tubercle + tuberosity

Answer 2

Tubercle - relatively small bump on a bone

Tuberosity - a relatively large, rough area on a bone

Question 3

Spine

Answer 3

A short, sharp projection

Question 4

Condyle + Epicondyle

Answer 4

Condyle - irregular, smooth surface that articulates with another bone

Epicondyle - a bump on a condyle

Question 5

Head + neck

Answer 5

Head - a hemispheric projection that articulates with another bone

Neck - A constriction below the head

Question 6

Crest + line

Answer 6

Crest - an elevated ridge of bone

Line - a smaller elevation than a crest

Question 7

Facet

Answer 7

A smooth, flat face

Question 8

Trochanter

Answer 8

A large bump (on femur)

Question 9

Ramus

Answer 9

A branch

Question 10

Sinus

Answer 10

A cavity

Question 11

Foramen

Answer 11

A shallow hole

Question 12

Meatus or canal

Answer 12

A deep hole

Question 13

Notch

Answer 13

A deep cut-out

Question 14

Groove or sulcus

Answer 14

An elongated depression

Question 15

Fissure

Answer 15

A long, deep cleft

Question 16

What is the spongy bone called in flat bones?

Answer 16

Diploe

Question 17

Where in a long bone is compact bone thickest?

Answer 17

In the diaphysis to prevent breakage

Question 18

What is the periosteum an anchoring point for?

Answer 18

Tendons and ligaments

Question 19

How/where tendons attach muscles to bone

Answer 19

At periosteum
Attachment strengthened by perforating fibers which penetrate compact bone

Question 20

Ligaments

Answer 20

Parallel straps of connective tissue that connect one bone to another. Secured to bone by periosteum

Question 21

Function of central canal

Answer 21

Houses blood vessels and nerves in the dense bone tissue
Typically run vertically in the bone (perforating canals horizontal)

Question 22

Lacunae

Answer 22

Spaces that the osteocytes occupy. Connected by canaliculi.

Question 23

Osteocytes

Answer 23

Mature bone cells. Respond to stresses placed on bone and remodel it in response.

Question 24

How osteoclasts remove parts of bone

Answer 24

Remove collagen by acid phospatase

Remove minerals by HCl

Question 25

What bone features are attachment points for muscles or ligaments?

Answer 25

Tubercles, spines, trochanters

Question 26

Direction of perforating canals vs. central canals in compact bone

Answer 26

Central canals - run vertically

Perforating canals - carry nutrients horizontally