Lab 8 Flashcards
What are the male and female gametes?
Male = sperm, Female = ovum
What is formed when a male gamete and a female gamete combine?
Zygote
What determines the chromosomal sex in humans?
Sperm is either XY (male) or XX (female), Egg is always X
What is the function of the ductus deferens?
Transports semen from testes to bladder
What forms the ejaculatory duct?
Formed with seminal vesicles and ductus deferens
List the pathway of semen during ejaculation.
- epididymis
- ductus vas deferens (thru bladder)
- ampulla of ductus deferens
- seminal vesicle duct
- ejaculatory duct
- prostatic urethra
- membranous urethra
- penile spongy urethra
- outside body
What are the parts of the urethra?
- prostatic urethra
- membranous urethra
- penile urethra (spongy)
What are the layers of the tunica vaginalis?
- Parietal layer
- Visceral layer
What is the role of the tunica vaginalis?
External covering of the testes
What is the function of the tunica albuginea?
Internal fibrous layer surrounding the testes
What is the function of the cremaster muscle?
Maintains temperature of the testes by contraction (warm) and relaxation (cold)
Why is temperature important for sperm fertility?
Temperature affects sperm production and viability
What do nurse cell nuclei provide?
- Nutrients
- Growth factors
- Hormones (inhibin) that regulates sperm production
What are spermatids?
Cells where sperm matures
What is the pH of semen and its significance?
Alkaline pH helps neutralize acidity of vaginal tract, prolonging sperm lifespan
What glands contribute to semen production?
- Seminal vesicle
- Prostate gland
- Bulbourethral gland
What percentage of semen is produced by the seminal vesicle?
65-75%
What does the seminal vesicle produce?
- Fructose (ATP for sperm)
- Prostaglandins (helps sperm move)
- Fibrinogen (coagulates semen)
- Alkaline fluid (neutralizes acidity)
What is the function of the prostate gland?
Secretes prostatic fluid, contains proteolytic enzymes, citric acid, and plasmids
What does the bulbourethral gland secrete?
Pre-ejaculate for lubrication and neutralization of acidity
What structures are homologous between males and females?
- Testes - Ovaries
- Prostate - Paraurethral (Skene’s glands)
- Bulbourethral - Bartholin’s (greater vestibular) glands
- Scrotum - Labia majora
- Glans penis - Clitoris
- Foreskin (prepuce) - Clitoral hood
True or False: Androgens are present in females.
False
