Lab 8 Flashcards
sugars are abosrobed by what kind of cells?
epithelial cells
sugars are absorbed by epithelias cells of what two structure the GI tract
dudenum
upper jejunum
what kind of tranpsort do epithelial cells use to uptake these sugars
active transport
the magnitude of changes in blood glucose following a meal depnds on
the nature and amount of carbs and how the species responds to that rise in blood glucose
serum glucose ni mammals generally ranges from
50 to 120 mg/dL
the basal rate of glucose turnover in an adult human is about
2 mg/kg/min
2 mg/kg/min is =
9 g/hr
an adult basal metabolism per day is
225 g/day
during a fasting state an individual depends totally on
endogenous substrates for energy
Glycogen
sotre glucos
what in the liver provides essential fuel for criticical physiological systems
glycogen
glycogenolysis
breakdown of glycogen to form glucose
T/F after 12 hours of fasting hepatic glycogen stores are almost depleted
T
gluconeogenesis
generaton of glucose from non-sugar carbon substrates
insulin
regulators of blood glucose
what produces insulin
beta islet cells of pancrea
what cells produce glucagon
alpha islet cells of pancreas
when blood levels are low pancreas release
glucagon
when blood levels are high pancreas release
insulin
hyperglycemia
high glucose levels
hypoglycemia
low glucose levels
define insulin resistance
lack of responsiveness to levels of insulin
define type 1 diabetes
no insulin produced by beta islet cells
define diabetes type 2
malfunctioning insulin (no glucose sensing or insulin resistance)
function of glucose tolerance tests
measure the ability of an animal to clear glucose from the blood stream
function of glucometer
measure level of glucose in blood
glucose oxidase
an enzyme that reacts with any glucose to create gluconic acid
how is ferrocyanide made
gluconic acid reacts with iron chemical on strip
the electronic current in the device detects
ferrocyanide
Blood Glucose Homeostasis Involves 2 pancreatic hormones, what are they
glucagon and insulin
low blood glucose in the liver , glucagon induces
glycogenolysis
high blood glucose in the liver , what does insulin do
increase glucose levels
suppresses glycogenolysis
high blood glucose levels in the muscle, insulin induces
glycogen
synthesis
high blood glucose levels in kidney insulin…
increase glucose absorption
T/F after a sugar- based meal both insulin and glucose increase
T
