Lab 8

Question 1

Abduction

Answer 1

refers to movement of a bone away from the midline of the body

Question 2

Adduction

Answer 2

refers to movement toward the midline of the body

Question 3

Dorsiflexion

Answer 3

involves bending of the foot in the direction of the upper surface (toes up) e.g. ankle flexion

Question 4

Plantarflexion

Answer 4

involves bending the foot in the direction of the sole (toes down)
e.g. ankle extension

Question 5

Eversion

Answer 5

movement of the sole of the foot laterally

Question 6

Inversion

Answer 6

is the movement of the sole of the foot medially

Question 7

Extension

Answer 7

increases the angle between articulating bones e.g. fingers. When a joint can move forwards or backwards, extension refers to the movement in the posterior* direction (hip, shoulder, neck *except the knee)

Question 8

flexion

Answer 8

decreases the angle between the articulating bones e.g. fingers. When a joint can move forwards or backwards, flexion refers to the movement in the anterior* direction (hip, shoulder, neck *except the knee)

Question 9

Rotation

Answer 9

where a bone moves in a single plane around its longitudinal axis (internal or external e.g. shoulder joint)

Question 10

Supination

Answer 10

is a movement of the forearm in which the palm of the hand is turned anteriorly Hint: “thumbs up = S for super”

Question 11

Pronation

Answer 11

is a movement of the forearm in which the palm is turned posteriorly. Hint: “thumbs down = P for pants”

Question 12

Masseter

Answer 12

origin: zygomatic arch and maxilla
insertion: Mandible
Function: elevate mandible in chewing

Question 13

Trapezius

Answer 13

Origin: occipital, 7th cervical, and all thoracic
insertion: clavicle and scapula
function: extends head and moves/stabilizes scapula

Question 14

Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 14

origin: manubrium and clavicle
insertion: the mastoid process of the temporal bone
function: flexes the head puls right and left

Question 15

Deltoid

Answer 15

Origin: clavicle and scapula
insertion: deltoid tuberosity
function: abducts the arm

Question 16

Serratus anterior

Answer 16

origin: ribs 1-8 (true ribs)
insertion: scapula
function: rotate scapula upward/laterally

Question 17

pectoralis major

Answer 17

origin: clavicle, sternum, and costal cartilages
insertion: lateral edge of the intertubercle sulcus
function: flexes shoulder medially, adducts, and rotates

Question 18

Latissimus Dorsi

Answer 18

origin: spinous process of T-vertebrae and ribs 8-12
insertion: intertubercle sulcus
Function: extension, adduction, medial rotation of shoulder, extension and lateral flexion of the lumbar spine

Question 19

internal intercostals

Answer 19

Function: forced expiration

Question 20

external intercostals

Answer 20

Function: expand chest cavity during inspiration

Question 21

Diaphragm

Answer 21

Function: increase pressure on the abdominal cavity

Question 22

external oblique

Answer 22

origin: lower 8 ribs
insertion: iliac crest
function: compresses the abdomen, bends the vertebral column laterally

Question 23

transverse abdominis

Answer 23

origin: iliac crest, lower 6 ribs
insertion: Xiphoid process
function: abdominal compression

Question 24

rectus abdmoninis

Answer 24

origin: pubis of the pelvis
insertion: 5-7 costal cartilages
function: flexes vertebral column and compression

Question 25

internal oblique

Answer 25

origin: iliac crest of the pelvis
insertion: 9-12 ribs
Function: abdominal compression and bends the vertebral column laterally

Question 26

Biceps Brachii

Answer 26

origin: coracoid process of the scapula
insertion: radius
function: flex elbow joint and supinate forearm

Question 27

Triceps Brachii

Answer 27

origin: scapula and humerus
insertion: olecranon of ulna
function: extension of the elbow joint

Question 28

pronator

Answer 28

origin: humerus
insertion: radius
Function: pronation of the hand

Question 29

flexor digitorium superficials

Answer 29

origin: humerus, ulna, and radius
insertion: 2-5 phalanges
function: flex fingers, hand, and wrist

Question 30

supinator

Answer 30

origin: humerus and ulna
insertion: radius
function: supination of the hand

Question 31

extensor digitorium

Answer 31

origin: humerus
insertion: 2-5 phalanges
function: extends fingers, hand, and wrist

Question 32

Rectus femoris

Answer 32

origin: iliac spine of the pelvis
insertion: upper border of the patella continues as a ligament to the tibia
Function: flexing the hip joint and extending the knee

Question 33

vastus intermedius (lateralis and medialis)

Answer 33

origin: upper femur
insertion: patella and tibia
function: extension of the knee

Question 34

Gluteus maximus

Answer 34

origin: ilium, sacrum, and the coccyx
insertion: gluteal tuberosity of the femur
Function: extension and lateral rotation of the hip joint

Question 35

Biceps femoris

Answer 35

origin: ischial tuberosity and femur
insertion: head of the fibula and the tibia
Function: hip extension and flexion of the knee joint

Question 36

semitendinosus

Answer 36

origin: ischial tuberosity
insertion: tibia
Function: extends the hip and flexes the knee joint

Question 37

semimembranosus

Answer 37

origin: ischial tuberosity
insertion: tibia
function: hip extension and flexion of the knee joint

Question 38

Gastrocnemius

Answer 38

origin: medial and lateral condyle of the femur
insertion: calcaneus
function: flexes the lower leg at the knee joint and functions in plantar flexion of the foot

Question 39

solues

Answer 39

origin: tibia and fibula
insertion: calcaneus
function: plantar flexion of the foot

Question 40

tibialis anterior

Answer 40

origin: lateral condyle and upper 2/3 of the tibia
insertion: first metatarsal of the foot
function: dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot