Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOL 1594 LAB > Lab 5 > Flashcards

Lab 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four major types of tissue?

A

epithelial
connective
muscular
nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are three types of epithelial cells, based on shape?

A
  • squamous
  • cuboidal
  • columnar
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Each epithelial cell type can be further classified, based on the following number of layers

A
  • simple
  • stratified
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

where can simple squamous epithelia be found

A

The lining of the alveoli of the lungs, blood vessels, and bowman’s capsules of the kidney. They function in secretion and absorption.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where can stratified squamous epithelia be found

A

Makes up the epidermis of the skin and the lining of the mouth. they function in protection. they may be keratinized based on location (e.g., palms, soles).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

where can simple cuboidal epithelia be found?

A

makes up glands, surfaces of ovaries, and walls of some kidney tubules. they function in secretion and absorption.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

where can transitional epithelium be found?

A

found in the bladder. Initially stratified cuboidal cells that when stretched become look stratified squamous. function in expansion and recoil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where can simple columnar be found?

A

can be found lining the digestive, respiratory, reproductive, and most parts of the urinary tract. their basic function is absorption and secretion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are goblet cells?

A

Mucus-secreting goblet cells are modified simple columnar cells in the digestive tract. they may be ciliated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

where can ciliated goblet cells be found

A

lining the majority of the respiratory tract.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

where can pseudostratified ciliated columnar be found?

A

found in the bronchioles. they secrete mucus and the cilia beat in a wave-like manner to create currents for the movement of foreign particles. (absorption, secretion, protection from foreign particles, and transport of materials such as hormones and enzymes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the functions of connective tissue?

A
  • attachment
  • connection
  • support
  • protection
  • insulation
  • storage
  • transport
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what does the connective tissue matrix consist of?

A

fibers and ground substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the types of fibers in connective tissue?

A
  • Collagen
  • Elastic
  • Reticular (fine net-like collagen fibers)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the three categories of connective tissue?

A
  • connective tissue proper
  • supporting connective tissues
  • fluid connective tissues
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the two categories of connective tissue proper?

A
  • loose
  • dense
17
Q

what is areolar tissue?
(connective tissue proper)

A

(loose connective tissue) A loose arrangement of collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers. function in to tie tissues and organs together. the most prominent cell type is the mast cell however the most numerous cell are the fibroblasts (specialized cells - secrete matrix)

18
Q

What is adipose tissue?
(Connective tissue proper)

A

(loose connective tissue) They are pretty much areolar tissue with a dominance of fat cells (adipose tissue). Can be found around underlying the integument, around the kidneys, and in various other areas. function in energy reserves and the protection of organs.

19
Q

What is Dense connective tissue?
(connective tissue proper)

A

Can either be regular or irregular

Dense regular connective tissue: mostly composed of masses of tightly packed collagen fibers arranged in a parallel fashion. bands of isolated fibroblasts are also seen. can be found in tendons and ligaments.

20
Q

What does supporting connective tissue consist of?

A

Cartilage and Bone
- They have a relatively rigid matrix and still consist of cells, fibers, and ground substance.

21
Q

What are the types of cartilage and where can they be found?

A
  1. Elastic cartilage: found in the external ear, epiglottis, and larynx.
  2. Fibrocartilage: found in the intervertebral discs, joint capsules, and ligaments.
  3. Hyaline cartilage: (most common and the key focus of lab 5) is found in the articulating bone surfaces in joints, trachea, nasal septum, and ends of ribs. it also makes up the skeleton during fetal development.
22
Q

Characteristics of hyaline cartilage
(supporting connective tissue)

A

This cartilage appears to have a clear or structureless matrix and is avascular. it is made up of masses of very fine collagen fibers in a gel-like made of protein and carbohydrates. the cells (chondrocytes) have prominent nuclei sitting in cavities called lacunae. function in supporting and protecting tissues.

23
Q

What are the typed of bone or osseous tissue and where can they be found?

A

Compact and Spongy Bone
- Compact bone can be found in the diaphysis of long bones
- Spongy bone can be found in the epiphysis of long bones and the interior of the sternum and ilium

24
Q

What are the characteristics of Compact bone?

A

Compact bone consists of circular subunits called osteons (Haversian systems). Within the osteons,
osteocytes are arranged in concentric layers (lamellae) around Central (Haversian) canals. Within the canals are blood vessels and nerves. Osteocytes sit in spaces called lacunae and the lacunae connect with adjacent ones via fine channels called canaliculi. Thus, all the cells of the concentric layers of a Haversian system are connected to the central canal for nutrient
uptake and waste product removal

25
Q

What are the characteristics of Spongy Bone?

A

This tissue consists of a network of thin, bony struts called trabeculae. The trabeculae are composed of irregular lamellae of bone, with
lacunae containing osteocytes (there are no osteons in spongy bone). Spongy bone is often infiltrated by red bone marrow (for example, it is found in the epiphyses of the femur, and in the interior of the sternum and ilium). Functions in support and housing red bone marrow.

26
Q

Where is bed bone marrow made and how?

A

Red bone marrow produces blood cells in a process called hematopoiesis. Stem cells in your red bone marrow (hematopoietic stem cells) create red and white blood cells and platelets, all of which are components of your whole blood. Human red marrow produces approximately 500 billion blood cells per day.

27
Q

What is fluid connective tissue?

A

Blood and lymph are atypical connective tissues. Both are classified as connective tissue because they consist of cells surrounded by a nonliving fluid matrix with dissolved proteins.

28
Q

Characteristics of Blood?

A

Blood is a connective tissue with a liquid matrix called blood plasma, a pale yellow fluid that consists mostly of water with a wide variety of dissolved substances. Suspended in the blood plasma are formed elements – red blood cells
(erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets (thrombocytes). Blood functions as the transport vehicle for the cardiovascular system carrying nutrients, wastes, respiratory gases, enzymes, hormones, and many other substances
throughout the body. The “fibers” of blood are soluble protein molecules that become visible only during blood clotting.

29
Q

What are the formed elements in blood and what do they do?

A

Red blood cells transport oxygen and carbon dioxide; white blood cells carry on phagocytosis and are involved in allergic reactions and immune system responses; platelets are essential for the clotting of blood.

30
Q

What are the two major layers that make up the skin?

A

The epidermis ( 5 sub-layers of epithelial cells),
and dermis (connective tissue cells).

31
Q

What are the layers of the epidermis (deep to superficial)

A
  1. stratum Basale
  2. stratum spinosum
  3. stratum granulosum
  4. stratum lucidum
  5. stratum corneum
32
Q

What are the two layers of the dermis

A
  1. papillary layer (areolar connective tissue)
  2. reticular layer (dense irregular connective tissue)
33
Q

What are the types of sweat glands?

A

Papillary layer:
- Apocrine sweat glands secrete an odorous secretion into hair follicles, and
- Merocrine (eccrine) sweat glands (more numerous) produce perspiration, a watery secretion that is discharged onto the surface of the skin.

Reticular layer:
- Sebaceous oil glands. secrete sebum through hair follicles.

34
Q

Obsevre the skin model on page 23

A

label the diagram with the accessory structures

BIOL 1594 LAB (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions