Lab 8 Flashcards
Superphylum
Ecdysozoa
Nematoda
Ascaris lumbricoides; vinegar eels (Turbatrix aceti)
Arthopoda
A. Subphylum: Myriapoda (millipedes and centipedes)
B. Subphylum: Chelicerata
i. arachnids (spiders, scorpions, mites)
ii. horseshoe crabs
C. Subphylum: Crustacea
i. Branchiopoda brine shrimp (Artemia); water fleas (Daphnia)
ii. Malacostraca (crayfish, terrestrial isopods)
iii. barnacles
Hexapoda
i. Odonata (dragonflies)
ii. Orthoptera (grasshoppers & katydids)
iii. Coleoptera (beetles)
iv. Diptera (true flies)
v. Hymenoptera (bees & ants)
vi. Lepidoptera (butterflies & moths)
vii. Hemiptera (true bugs)
Abdomen
Body segment in arthropods posterior to the thorax or cephalothorax. Does not have appendages. In insects, there are no appendages on the abdomen.
Alae
Flying wings.
Anennae
Sensory appendages that arise from the head in arthropods.
Appendages
A body part arising from a segment of an arthropod. Appendages may be sensory, for locomotion, mouthparts, etc. An appendage is uniramous if it has only one branch, or biramous if it has two branches.
Biramous
An appendage that is branched. The appendages of crustaceans are typically biramous: the lower branch is a walking limb; the upper branch is a breathing limb (also called a gill limb). The ancestral condition in arthropod limbs.
Breathing limb
Gill limb
The upper branch of a biramous limb.
Carapace
Part of the exoskeleton covering the cephalothorax in arthropods. Good examples in this lab are in the crayfish and in the horseshoe crab.
Cephalothorax
In some arthropods (e.g. Chelicerata & some crustaceans), the head and thorax segments are fused into the cephalothorax.
Chelae
Claws.
Chelicerae
Appendages located near the mouth in Chelicerata. These appendages are used for feeding, defense or copulation. May be modified to inject venom.
Compound Eyes
Eyes that are constructed of several facets.
Cuticle
A non-living, flexible outer covering.
Decapods
Crustaceans that have 5 pairs of walking legs. Examples include crayfish and lobsters.
Detritivores
Organisms that consume detritus (organic debris).
Direct Development
Also called simple, or hemimetabolous development. Juvenile stages look like miniature adults.
Ecdysis
Molting of the exoskeleton.
Ectognathous
Mouthparts that are exposed (external to the head). Insects are ectognathous.
Ectoparasite
A parasite found on the outside of a host.
Elytra
Hardened forewings that cover and protect the alae (flying wings). Found in beetles.
Eusociality
A social system found in Hymenoptera (bees and ants) and a few other taxa (e.g. naked mole rats!) where sterile (nonbreeding) colony members care for offspring produced by a single “queen” or a small caste of breeding individuals.
Exoskeleton
A rigid external support system for the body. Muscles attach to the exoskeleton.
Gills
Usually filamentous or tufted tissues that provide a large surface area for oxygen uptake. May be external or internal.
Gill Limb
Breathing limb.
Halteres
Modified hindwings in Dipterans that function to stabilize the body during flight.
Hemocoel
Spaces in the body of animals with open circulatory systems (such as molluscs and arthropods) filled with hemolymph.
Hemolymph
Fluid that carries oxygen and dissolved nutrients in the bodies of many invertebrates.
Longitudinal Muscles
Muscles that run parallel to the main body axis.
Mandibles
Mouthparts. Unlike the chelicerae of Chelicerata, mandibles can chew food.
Pedipalps
Second pair of appendages on the cephalothorax of Chelicerates. In spiders,
pedipalps are often used to transfer sperm.
Sclerites
A hardened body part. In beetles, the exoskeleton is very thick and hardened into sclerites.
Swimmerets
Appendages modified for swimming. Found on the abdomen of many crustaceans.
Uniramous
An appendage with only one branch. A derived condition in arthropods.
Vector
An organism that carries and transmits a disease (e.g. ticks are a vector for Rocky Mountain spotted fever).
