Lab 6

Question 1

Annulus

Answer 1

A leftover ring of tissue on the stipe (stalk) of a mushroom (the fruiting body
of a basiodiomycete).

Question 2

Ascomycota

Answer 2

A large, monophyletic group (division) of Fungi, characterized by producing
sexual spores in a cup-like structure called the ascus. Contains unicellular
yeasts and multicellular forms, and is the group of fungi most frequently
involved in the formation of lichen.

Question 3

Ascospore

Answer 3

A sexual spore (haploid cell) produced by meiosis in an ascus.

Question 4

Ascus

Answer 4

In Ascomycota, the cup-like structure that produces sexual spores by meiosis.

Question 5

Basidiomycota

Answer 5

A monophyletic group of fungi characterized by the production of sexual spores
on basidia. Form clamp connections. Asexual sporulation is uncommon in
this group.

Question 6

Basidium

Answer 6

In Basidiomycota, the pedestal-like structure that produces sexual spores by
meiosis.

Question 7

Cap

Answer 7

The top of a mushroom; the part of the fruiting body that bears the
lamellae (gills).

Question 8

Chitin

Answer 8

A polysaccharide that is a major structural component of cell walls in fungi
(and is also found in the exoskeletons of arthropods!)

Question 9

Chytridiomycota

Answer 9

A basal, probably paraphyletic group of fungi that, unlike other fungi, exhibit
alternation of generations.

Question 10

Clamp Connections

Answer 10

Structures in the heterokaryotic hyphae of Basidomycota that allow nuclei
from both mating types to move to each daughter cell.

Question 11

Conidia

Answer 11

Asexual spores formed by mitosis on conidiophores. Found mostly in
Ascomycota.

Question 12

Conidiospore

Answer 12

A structure that bears asexual spores (conidia) formed by mitosis. Found
mostly in Ascomycota.

Question 13

Crustose

Answer 13

Crusty growth form in lichen.

Question 14

Dikaryon

Answer 14

A cell or structure containing haploid nuclei from two different mating types.

Question 15

Ectomycorrhizae

Answer 15

A symbiotic relationship between plants and fungi where the fungal hyphae
form a sheath around the root.

Question 16

Endomycorrhizae

Answer 16

A symbiotic relationship between plants and fungi where the fungal hyphae
penetrate the root cortex cells.

Question 17

Exoenzymes

Answer 17

Enzymes excreted by fungi to break down the substrate so that food molecules
can be absorbed.

Question 18

Foliose

Answer 18

Leafy growth form in lichen.

Question 19

Fruiting Body

Answer 19

A body that bears the sexual spore-producing structures; e.g. in
Basidiomycota, the fruiting body is a mushroom or shelf fungus.

Question 20

Fruticose

Answer 20

Shrubby growth form in lichen.

Question 21

Gametangia

Answer 21

In Chytridiomycota, the parts of the bisexual gametophyte that produce the
gametes by mitosis.

Question 22

Gills

Answer 22

Plate-like structures in the cap (pileus) of a basiomycete that bear the basidia.

Question 23

Glycogen

Answer 23

Storage form of glucose; found in fungi and animals.

Question 24

Heterokaryon

Answer 24

A cell or structure containing haploid nuclei from different mating types (see
dikaryon).

Question 25

Heterotrophic

Answer 25

An organism that obtains its carbon and energy from the breakdown of
macromolecules.

Question 26

Hyphae

Answer 26

The threadlike mass of cells that makes up the “body” of most fungi.

Question 27

Karyogamy

Answer 27

The fusion of haploid nuclei of different mating types.

Question 28

Lamellae

Answer 28

Gills.

Question 29

Lichen

Answer 29

A symbiotic relationship between a photosynthesizing organism (a green alga or
cyanobacteria) and a fungus (usually an ascomycete).

Question 30

Meiosporangia

Answer 30

Structures on the sporophyte of Chytridiomycota that produce haploid spores
by meiosis.

Question 31

Mushroom

Answer 31

The fruiting body of a basidiomycete.

Question 32

Mycelium

Answer 32

The collective term for hyphae (i.e. the mycelium is made up of hyphae).

Question 33

Photobiont

Answer 33

The photosynthetic partner in the lichen symbiosis.

Question 34

Pileus

Answer 34

Cap.

Question 35

Plasmogamy

Answer 35

The fusion of cytoplasm of hyphae of different mating types.

Question 36

Septa

Answer 36

Wall-like divisions that create compartments within a hyphal strand.

Question 37

Soredia

Answer 37

Powdery balls of algal and fungal cells that detach from the thallus of lichen
and are dispersed by wind (asexual reproduction).

Question 38

Sporangia

Answer 38

Structures produce asexual spores contained in a sac-like arrangement; this sac
splits to release spores that are usually wind dispersed.

Question 39

Stalk

Answer 39

The part of the mushroom that supports the cap (pileus).

Question 40

Stipe

Answer 40

Stalk.

Question 41

Thallus

Answer 41

Spongy layers of algal cells and fungal hyphae that make up a lichen.

Question 42

Yeast

Answer 42

A single celled fungus that reproduces asexually by budding or fission.

Question 43

Zygomycota

Answer 43

A paraphyletic group of fungi, characterized by producing sexual spores in a
structure called a zygosporangium.

Question 44

Zygosporangium

Answer 44

A thick-walled structure that forms at the site of fusion of hyphae of different
mating types in Zygomycota.