Lab 6 Flashcards
Annulus
A leftover ring of tissue on the stipe (stalk) of a mushroom (the fruiting body
of a basiodiomycete).
Ascomycota
A large, monophyletic group (division) of Fungi, characterized by producing
sexual spores in a cup-like structure called the ascus. Contains unicellular
yeasts and multicellular forms, and is the group of fungi most frequently
involved in the formation of lichen.
Ascospore
A sexual spore (haploid cell) produced by meiosis in an ascus.
Ascus
In Ascomycota, the cup-like structure that produces sexual spores by meiosis.
Basidiomycota
A monophyletic group of fungi characterized by the production of sexual spores
on basidia. Form clamp connections. Asexual sporulation is uncommon in
this group.
Basidium
In Basidiomycota, the pedestal-like structure that produces sexual spores by
meiosis.
Cap
The top of a mushroom; the part of the fruiting body that bears the
lamellae (gills).
Chitin
A polysaccharide that is a major structural component of cell walls in fungi
(and is also found in the exoskeletons of arthropods!)
Chytridiomycota
A basal, probably paraphyletic group of fungi that, unlike other fungi, exhibit
alternation of generations.
Clamp Connections
Structures in the heterokaryotic hyphae of Basidomycota that allow nuclei
from both mating types to move to each daughter cell.
Conidia
Asexual spores formed by mitosis on conidiophores. Found mostly in
Ascomycota.
Conidiospore
A structure that bears asexual spores (conidia) formed by mitosis. Found
mostly in Ascomycota.
Crustose
Crusty growth form in lichen.
Dikaryon
A cell or structure containing haploid nuclei from two different mating types.
Ectomycorrhizae
A symbiotic relationship between plants and fungi where the fungal hyphae
form a sheath around the root.
Endomycorrhizae
A symbiotic relationship between plants and fungi where the fungal hyphae
penetrate the root cortex cells.
Exoenzymes
Enzymes excreted by fungi to break down the substrate so that food molecules
can be absorbed.
Foliose
Leafy growth form in lichen.
Fruiting Body
A body that bears the sexual spore-producing structures; e.g. in
Basidiomycota, the fruiting body is a mushroom or shelf fungus.
Fruticose
Shrubby growth form in lichen.
Gametangia
In Chytridiomycota, the parts of the bisexual gametophyte that produce the
gametes by mitosis.
Gills
Plate-like structures in the cap (pileus) of a basiomycete that bear the basidia.
Glycogen
Storage form of glucose; found in fungi and animals.
Heterokaryon
A cell or structure containing haploid nuclei from different mating types (see
dikaryon).
Heterotrophic
An organism that obtains its carbon and energy from the breakdown of
macromolecules.
Hyphae
The threadlike mass of cells that makes up the “body” of most fungi.
Karyogamy
The fusion of haploid nuclei of different mating types.
Lamellae
Gills.
Lichen
A symbiotic relationship between a photosynthesizing organism (a green alga or
cyanobacteria) and a fungus (usually an ascomycete).
Meiosporangia
Structures on the sporophyte of Chytridiomycota that produce haploid spores
by meiosis.
Mushroom
The fruiting body of a basidiomycete.
Mycelium
The collective term for hyphae (i.e. the mycelium is made up of hyphae).
Photobiont
The photosynthetic partner in the lichen symbiosis.
Pileus
Cap.
Plasmogamy
The fusion of cytoplasm of hyphae of different mating types.
Septa
Wall-like divisions that create compartments within a hyphal strand.
Soredia
Powdery balls of algal and fungal cells that detach from the thallus of lichen
and are dispersed by wind (asexual reproduction).
Sporangia
Structures produce asexual spores contained in a sac-like arrangement; this sac
splits to release spores that are usually wind dispersed.
Stalk
The part of the mushroom that supports the cap (pileus).
Stipe
Stalk.
Thallus
Spongy layers of algal cells and fungal hyphae that make up a lichen.
Yeast
A single celled fungus that reproduces asexually by budding or fission.
Zygomycota
A paraphyletic group of fungi, characterized by producing sexual spores in a
structure called a zygosporangium.
Zygosporangium
A thick-walled structure that forms at the site of fusion of hyphae of different
mating types in Zygomycota.
