Lab 7: Urinary System Flashcards
What is the histology of the kidney?
Glomerulus: “yarn” ball of capillaries
-Lumen: white area between glomerulus & capsule
-Glomerular capsule: simple squamous epithelium
Nephron Tubule: simple cuboidal epithelium
-Lumen: white area inside simple cuboidal bracelet
What are the vessels that supply and drain the kidney of blood?
Renal artery
segmental artery
interlobar artery
arcuate artery
cortical radiate artery
Vessels around nephron
cortical radiate vein
arcuate vein
interlobar vein
renal vein
What are the main structures of the urinary system?
Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.
What are the structures of the kidneys?
Hilum (Renal vein/artery & ureter)
Renal capsule
Renal cortex -renal column
Renal medulla -renal pyramid, renal papilla
Calyx
Renal sinus
Renal pelvis
What is the inside of the urinary bladder?
Rugae: a series of ridges produced by folding of the wall of an organ
What are the two sphincters of the urethra and where are they found?
Internal/External urethral sphincter
Female: Beginning/end urethra
Male: Beginning/end of prostate gland
What are the structures of the nephron?
Glomerular capsule (Bowman’s capsule) podocytes, simple squamous epithelium, proximal convoluted tubule, descending nephron loop (loop of henle), ascending nephron loop (loop of henle), distal convoluted tubule,
What are the blood vessels of the nephron?
Afferent arteriole, glomerulus, efferent arteriole, peritubular capillaries (near PCT, DCT, CD) and vasa recta (near nephron loop)
What would the urinalysis abnormalities be for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus?
Abnormally high levels of ketone (KET)
-Metabolic byproduct fats for energy
Presence of glucose (GLU)
-Not completely reabsorbed from filtrate
Abnormally low specific gravity (SG)
-how dilute or concentrated the urine is (1.0 = water, 1.001-1.035 = urine)
What would the urinalysis abnormalities be for the diagnosis of infection?
Presence of blood (BLO)
-Bleeding in urinary tract
Presence of nitrites (NIT)
-Nitrites produced by some bacteria
Presence of leukocytes (LEU)
-Response to infection
Abnormally high pH
-pH 6 normal 4-8 range. X alone diagnostic. Used to confirm suspicions
What would the urinalysis abnormalities for the diagnosis of liver disease?
Presence of bilirubin (BIL)
-Usually broken down in liver to make bile
Presence of urobilinogen (URO)
-usually broken down by liver
What would the urinalysis abnormalities for the diagnosis of dehydration?
Very high specific gravity (SG)
-how dilute or concentrated the urine is (1.0 = water, 1.001-1.035 = urine)
