Lab 7 Mitosis And Genetics Flashcards
What happens when DNA is heated to 94, cooled to 60, and heated to 72?
Heated to 94 the DNA separates into two individual strands
Cooled to 60 the strands anneal their two primers
Heated to 72 the DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA, extends the primers
Do all unicellular organisms undergo mitosis?
No bacteria do, but some other undergo fission
At the end of mitosis how do the daughter cells compare genetically?
Theyre identical
What is the purpose of a chelating agent?
Stop nuclear membrane from breaking down
Why is it necessary to have a primer on each side of the DNA segment to be amplified?
Because DNA can only be replicated from 5’-3’
How did taq polymerase get its name?
From thermus aquaticus a microbe found in the Yellowstone hot springs
Describe the three main steps of each cycle of PCR amplification
Denature the DNA : splits the DNA strand in order to be replicated
Anneal primers: primers are attached to the two separate DNA strands
Elongation : DNA polymerase finds primers and begins copying DNA
What are the possible alu genotypes at locus PV92? And explain
+/+ insertion on both homologs
-/- no insertion on either homologs
+/- insertion one homolog but not the other
Why is it necessary to use PCR?
Allows you to isolate a specific part of the DNA sequence to identify.
What happens in each phase of the cell cycle?
G1: increase in cell size and protein content
S: replication of DNA
G2: second growth phase
M: mitosis or meiosis
What happens in each phase of mitosis?
Prophase: nuclear envelop disapears, chromosome condense, centrosomes move to poles
Pro metaphase: microtubules bind to kinetichore so attached to centromeres
Metaphase: chromosomes line up in Center of cell
Anaphase: sister chromatids split into chromosomes
Telophase: chromosome decondense, nuclear envelop reforms, cytokinesis splits cell
What is a non disjunction?
When there is a failure for one or more chromosomes to pass into the daughter cell. Therefore a daughter cell does not have a chromosome.
Applies to meiosis
What is the role of cohesins?
Regulates the separation of sister chromatids
What four things are required for PCR to work?
Template DNA
DNA polymerase
All four deoxynucleioside tiphosphates, A,T,C,G
Two primers
What are Alu elements and how many base pairs do they usually have?
Short sequences of DNA roughly 300 bp in length.
