Lab 5 Cell Respiration Flashcards
What is the initial substrate for glycolysis?
Glucose
What are the final products of aerobic respiration?
ATP and CO2
During respiration does glucose get oxidized or reduced?
Oxidized to CO2 and H2O
What is the overall equation for glucose oxidation?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 goes to 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
Why would it be a bad idea to transfer the electrons directly from the glucose molecule to oxygen?
Cannot harness energy
Give an example of spontaneous process?
Water flowing downhill
What happens in a redox reaction, give an example
Transfer of electrons between atoms
An object falling from from a location of high potential energy to a location of low potential energy
Why are partial electron transfers considered to be redox reactions?
Because one atom is more electronegative than the other which increases it’s electron density
How can you estimate the relative energy content of an organic molecule?
Based on the number of c-c and c-H bonds
What are the four stages of cellular respiration and where in the cell do they take place?
Glycolysis: cytoplasm
acetyl coa synthesis : mitochondria
Citric acid cycle: mitochondria
Oxidative phosphorylation: mitochondria
How many carbon atoms are in glucose, pyruvate and acetyl coa?
6
3
2
Which form NAD+ or NADH is ready to accept electrons, give up electrons, oxidized and reduced?
NAD+ picks up electrons, reduced
NADH give up two electrons, oxidized
Why are only 2 net ATP produced during glycolysis?
Because of the investment phase which costs 2 ATP
What high energy molecule are produced during glycolysis?
2 ATP and 2 NADH
Describe substrate level phosphorylation
Transfer of a phosphate group to ADP from an organic donor molecule
Produces small amount of ATP
Describe oxidative phosphorylation
ATP is indirectly formed by the transfer of high energy electrons.
Oxidizing nutrients to form ATP
Extra phosphate comes from inorganic phosphate
Where does substrate level phosphorylation occur?
Glycolysis and kerbs cycle
Where does oxidative phosphorylation occur
Electron transport chain
What happens to pyruvate in the living step between glycolysis and the krebs cycle?
Gets converted to acetyl coa and produce an NADH
How many carbons are in the last intermediate step of the Krebs cycle before the actyl group is added?
4
How many carbons are in the first intermediate step of the Krebs cycle before the actyl group is added? What is the name of the molecule?
6
Citric acid
Beside ATP what other high energy molecules are produced during the Krebs cycle?
NADH and FADH2
When is co2 produced during cell respiration?
During the Krebs cycle
Where is the etc located?
Inner Cell membrane of the mitochondrion
What is the function of oxygen in the etc?
It’s a product that occurs when cytochrome c moves into complex 4 where oxygen is reduced to form water
Where does fadh2 drop off its electron on the etc?
Complex 2
Are H+ pumped into or out of the matrix during electron transport?
Out of the mitochondrial matrix
Why does it require energy for electrons to be pumped trough the etc?
Because it pumping against their concentration gradient
How do H+ electrons find their way to ATP synthase?
They go down their concentration gradient
Does FADH2 produce as much ATP as NADH? Why or why not?
No
Because NADH is pumped through complex 1 which allows it to pump more H+ before FADH2 can give up electron to complex 2
Which pathways produces the most ATP?
The electron transport chain
Where does glycolysis, CAC, ETC take place in a eukaryotic cell?
Cytosol, mitochondria, mitochondria
When is NADH released during glycolysis?
When a C-H bond is broken
When is ATP produced during glycolysis?
When a phosphate group attaches to a pyruvate
When is NADH produce during the Krebs cycle?
When a C-H bond is broken
How many carbons do pyruvate have before it’s converted into acetyl coa and after?
3 and acetyl coa has 2
When is co2 produced during the kreb cycle?
When a C-C bond is broken
What are the net gains after glycolysis?
2 ATP
2 NADH
2 pyruvate
What is the net gain after the Krebs cycle?
2 ATP
8 NADH
2 FADH2
How much ATP does one molecule of NADH and fadh2 make?
NADH makes 2.5 ATP
Fadh2 makes 1.5
